@article {pmid40858312,
year = {2025},
author = {Schwarz, EM and Baniya, A and Heppert, JK and Schwartz, HT and Tan, CH and Antoshechkin, I and Sternberg, PW and Goodrich-Blair, H and Dillman, AR},
title = {Genomes of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum and its associated bacteria.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/genetics/iyaf170},
pmid = {40858312},
issn = {1943-2631},
abstract = {As an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema hermaphroditum parasitizes insect hosts and harbors symbiotic Xenorhabdus griffinae bacteria. In contrast to other Steinernematids, S. hermaphroditum has hermaphroditic genetics, offering the experimental scope found in Caenorhabditis elegans. To enable study of S. hermaphroditum, we have assembled and analyzed its reference genome. This genome assembly has five chromosomal scaffolds and 83 unassigned scaffolds totaling 90.7 Mb, with 19,426 protein-coding genes having a BUSCO completeness of 88.0%. Its autosomes show higher densities of strongly conserved genes in their centers, as in C. elegans, but repetitive elements are evenly distributed along all chromosomes, rather than with higher arm densities as in C. elegans. Either when comparing protein motif frequencies between nematode species or when analyzing gene family expansions during nematode evolution, we observed two categories of genes preferentially associated with the origin of Steinernema or S. hermaphroditum: orthologs of venom genes in S. carpocapsae or S. feltiae; and some types of chemosensory G protein-coupled receptors, despite the tendency of parasitic nematodes to have reduced numbers of chemosensory genes. Three-quarters of venom orthologs occurred in gene clusters, with the larger clusters comprising functionally diverse gene groups rather than paralogous repeats of a single venom gene. While assembling S. hermaphroditum, we coassembled bacterial genomes, finding sequence data for not only the known symbiont, X. griffinae, but also for eight other bacterial genera. All eight genera have previously been observed to be associated with Steinernema species or the EPN Heterorhabditis, and may constitute a "second bacterial circle" of EPNs.},
}

@article {pmid40856799,
year = {2025},
author = {Pushkareva, E and Keilholz, L and Böse, J and von Berg, KL},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Potential of Cyanobacteria and Fungi Living on Arctic Liverworts.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {88},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
pmid = {40856799},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {PU867/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Arctic Regions ; *Hepatophyta/microbiology ; *Cyanobacteria/genetics/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; *Fungi/genetics/classification/isolation & purification ; *Genetic Variation ; Symbiosis ; Soil Microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Nitrogen Fixation ; },
abstract = {Liverworts often form symbiotic associations with fungi and cyanobacteria, yet the distribution and specificity of these relationships remain largely unexplored, particularly in Arctic environments. This study used metagenomic sequencing to investigate fungal and cyanobacterial communities associated with Arctic liverworts, analyzing photosynthetic parts of gametophytes and their rhizoids with attached soil separately. The results revealed that Ascomycota dominated the fungal community. The cyanobacterial community was primarily composed of heterocytous Nostoc and non-heterocytous filamentous Leptolyngbya, with Nostoc showing evidence of nitrogen fixation, especially in gametophytes, suggesting a potential role in enhancing nitrogen availability for the host. These findings underscore the ecological significance of liverwort-associated microorganisms in Arctic ecosystems, with microbial composition differing between upper and lower parts of plants, as well as between leafy and thalloid liverworts, indicating possible functional specialization.},
}

Arctic Regions
*Hepatophyta/microbiology
*Cyanobacteria/genetics/classification/isolation & purification/physiology
*Fungi/genetics/classification/isolation & purification
*Genetic Variation
Symbiosis
Soil Microbiology
Phylogeny
Nitrogen Fixation

@article {pmid40855951,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, NF and Ma, XY and Hong, JS and Luan, JB},
title = {Rickettsia symbionts favor whitefly ovary development by promoting germ cell mitosis.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70167},
pmid = {40855951},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32225042//National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Maternally inherited symbionts can impact the reproduction of their host insects in various ways. The ovary is critical for the successful reproduction of female insects. Such symbionts have strong ovary tropism. Intracellular symbionts depend on host cells for replication and transmission. However, the cellular mechanisms by which symbionts impact insect reproduction through affecting ovary development have seldom been investigated. Our previous work has shown that the facultative symbiont Rickettsia can be vertically transmitted through eggs in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and Rickettsia increases female fecundity. This study is aimed to explore the cellular mechanisms of Rickettsia symbionts affecting the whitefly fecundity.

RESULTS: We found that Rickettsia symbionts are highly concentrated in the tropharium of whitefly ovarioles. We demonstrated that Rickettsia increases whitefly fecundity by promoting ovary development. Moreover, Rickettsia enhances the expression of cell division genes (Cyclin B1 and CDK1) and germ cell mitosis. Furthermore, Cyclin B1 and CDK1 gene silencing or CDK1 inhibitor treatment reduced the germ cell mitosis, delayed ovary development and decreased whitefly fecundity.

CONCLUSION: Overall, we revealed that Rickettsia promotes ovary development by regulating germ cell mitosis, which enhances whitefly fecundity. These findings suggest that regulating the host cell cycle by the symbiont is important for the maintenance of the intracellular symbiosis. This study provides new insights into the cellular mechanism of symbionts regulating host reproduction. Our study also provides excellent genetic targets for insect control. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid40855682,
year = {2025},
author = {Goto-Ito, S and Kato, S and Takahashi, M and Sakamoto, A and Yamagata, A and Lee, Y and Ehara, H and Sato, M and Toyooka, K and Ohkuma, M and Ito, T},
title = {Structural analysis of a symbiotic system involving a Nanobdellati archaeon by cryo-electron tomography.},
journal = {Journal of biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jb/mvaf049},
pmid = {40855682},
issn = {1756-2651},
abstract = {Nanobdellati (formerly DPANN) archaea are considered as primitive archaeal organisms that often live in symbiosis with archaeal hosts. In this study, we investigated the symbiotic mechanism between a Nanobdellati archaeon, Nanobdella aerobiophila strain MJ1, and its host archaeon Metallosphaera sedula strain MJ1HA, using cryo-electron tomography. In our tomographic observations, we identified a conical attachment organelle at the interface between MJ1 and MJ1HA during symbiosis. This structure consists of a concentric array of short cylindrical shells, consistent with a previous report. Subtomogram averaging, combined with AlphaFold 3 structural predictions, allowed us to identify a potential component of attachment organelles. Additionally, we inferred potential components of the S-layers in MJ1 and MJ1HA based on tomographic data and subtomogram averages. Based on these analyses, we hypothesize that a MJ1 S-layer component may undergo conformational changes to also serve as a component of attachment organelles, warranting further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid40855672,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, B and Liu, Z and Peng, T and Yin, M and Efrose, R and Flemetakis, E and Franken, P and Rennenberg, H},
title = {Revealing the Role of Actinorhizal Symbioses in Ecosystem Nitrogen Dynamics.},
journal = {Plant, cell & environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.70146},
pmid = {40855672},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was funded by Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0002 & cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0020) and the funding support is acknowledged./ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms are crucial to global biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem stability. Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen (N2)-fixing bacteria are recognized as the two main groups of microorganisms involved in such symbiotic interactions. They not only constitute the most wide-spread symbiotic microorganisms, but also ensure plants to acquire additional N resources directly from the atmosphere. Although plant-microbial interactions, for example, the performance of AM-plant and rhizobia-legume plant symbioses, have been well studied and reviewed in detail previously, still less information is known about these processes in actinorhizal symbioses. The present review is aimed to summarize current knowledge of the interaction of partners in actinorhizal root symbioses, in particular the signalling processes during establishment of BNF, and the specificity of and dependency on different symbiotic partners in this interactions, based on evolution and distribution in the plant and microbial kingdom. The features of nutrient transfer in these root symbiotic relationships and the significance of actinorhizal symbioses for the performance of plants under environmental stress are discussed and compared with AM and rhizobia-legume symbioses. In addition, research gaps in actinorhizal root symbioses research are identified and future research avenues are suggested.},
}

@article {pmid40855059,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, X and Huang, Q and Liu, Y and He, X and Chen, W and Liu, Y and Gan, L and Wei, J and Zhang, H and Chen, T},
title = {Harnessing dual-channel probiotics to synergistically correct intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis after antibiotic disruption.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {174},
pmid = {40855059},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {82460297//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Female ; *Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology/chemically induced/drug therapy ; Animals ; *Vagina/microbiology/drug effects ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Mice ; Limosilactobacillus reuteri/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology/drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori/drug effects ; Humans ; *Intestines/microbiology/drug effects ; Lactobacillus crispatus/physiology ; },
abstract = {Antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases, yet antibiotic therapy has been shown to disrupt symbiotic microbiota. Notably, the dosage and duration of antibiotic use for specific infections may exert detrimental effects on microbiota in non-infected sites. Here, we propose a dual-channel probiotic delivery strategy to address gut and vaginal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic therapies. In a Helicobacter pylori infection model, oral administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri NCU-15 alleviated gastritis and protected the intestinal barrier and microbiota. In a vaginal dysbiosis model, intravaginal delivery of Lactobacillus crispatus NCU-23 reduced local inflammation and apoptosis, restoring vaginal microbial homeostasis. In the entero-vaginal disordered mice, dual-channel probiotic therapy produced synergistic effects by reducing inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and reestablishing microbial balance. These findings demonstrate the potential of dual-channel probiotic intervention to modulate gut-vaginal microbiota interactions and offer a scientific basis for developing strategies to prevent or treat antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.},
}

*Probiotics/administration & dosage
Female
*Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology/chemically induced/drug therapy
Animals
*Vagina/microbiology/drug effects
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
Mice
Limosilactobacillus reuteri/physiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Disease Models, Animal
Helicobacter Infections/microbiology/drug therapy
Helicobacter pylori/drug effects
Humans
*Intestines/microbiology/drug effects
Lactobacillus crispatus/physiology

@article {pmid40854139,
year = {2025},
author = {Qu, M and Zhang, Y and Woltering, J and Liu, Y and Liu, Z and Wan, S and Jiang, H and Yu, H and Chen, Z and Wang, X and Zhang, Z and Qin, G and Schneider, R and Meyer, A and Lin, Q},
title = {Symbiosis with and mimicry of corals were facilitated by immune gene loss and body remodeling in the pygmy seahorse.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {35},
pages = {e2423818122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2423818122},
pmid = {40854139},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {42425004//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 42230409//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 42376126//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 42006108//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 42106120//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; ZDBS-LY-DQC004//CAS | BFSE | Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences ()/ ; 2022YFC3102403//MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)/ ; 2023YFC3108800//MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)/ ; 2023A1515012165//Guangdong basic and applied basic research foundation/ ; XDB42030204//Strategic priority research program of the CAS/ ; 2024PVA0054//CAS president's international fellowship initiative/ ; },
abstract = {A remarkable example of symbiosis involves the pygmy seahorse (Hippocampus bargibanti). It lives obligatorily on gorgonian corals, mimicking their polyps with pink coloration and skin protuberances. Unique for seahorses, pygmy seahorses retain juvenile paedomorphic stunted snouts, resembling the coral's polyps. We analyzed the tiny seahorse's genome revealing the genomic bases of several adaptations to their mutualistic life including substantial reductions in conserved noncoding elements that are associated with genes in the vicinity of those CNEs that are known to play a role in growth and metamorphosis-related pathways. Comparative RNA- and ATAC-Seq analyses during their ontogeny suggest that their stunted snout might result from craniofacial remodeling associated with hoxa2b defunctionalization. This is consistent also with findings from in situ hybridization and CRISPR experiments. Their immune system shows extremely low numbers of MHC genes and additional considerable losses of other immune-related genes. This is likely facilitated by the host coral's antimicrobial metabolites and by the earlier evolution of male pregnancy that requires immunotolerance.},
}

@article {pmid40853994,
year = {2025},
author = {Meesil, W and Sharkey, LKR and Pidot, SJ and Thanwisai, A},
title = {Comprehensive genomic analysis of Xenorhabdus bovienii strain MEL2.2.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {8},
pages = {e0331132},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0331132},
pmid = {40853994},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The genome sequences of entomopathogenic bacteria and their functional analyses provide valuable insights for genetic engineering to enhance their use as biocontrol agents. In this study, we examine the draft genome of Xenorhabdus bovienii strain MEL2.2, which was isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes in Melbourne, Australia. The genome of Xenorhabdus strain MEL2.2 spans approximately 4.4 million base pairs and has a G + C content of 44.8%, aligning with known characteristics of the genus. Within the genome, 3,823 protein-coding genes were identified. Functional analysis revealed genes associated with nematode symbiosis and insect virulence. Moreover, 15 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were detected, potentially responsible for synthesizing various secondary metabolites. Comparative genomic analysis indicated a combination of conserved and strain-specific genes when compared to other Xenorhabdus bovienii strains, suggesting genetic traits that may enhance MEL2.2's adaptability and pathogenicity. Altogether, these findings offer a foundation for exploring the strain's utility in further applications.},
}

@article {pmid40853413,
year = {2025},
author = {Kang, R and Xuan, Z and Tong, L and Wang, Y and Jin, S and Xiao, Q},
title = {Nurse Researchers' Experiences and Perceptions of Generative AI: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e65523},
pmid = {40853413},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the rapid development and iteration of generative artificial intelligence, the growing popularity of such groundbreaking tools among nurse researchers, represented by ChatGPT (OpenAI), is receiving passionate debate and intrigue. Although there has been qualitative research on generative artificial intelligence in other fields, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of nurse researchers; this study seeks to report on the topic.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the experiences and perceptions of generative artificial intelligence among Chinese nurse researchers, as well as provide a reference for the application of generative artificial intelligence in nursing research in the future.

METHODS: Semistructured interviews were used to collect data in this qualitative study. Researchers mainly conducted interviews on the cognition, experience, and future expectations of nurse researchers regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence. Twenty-seven nurse researchers were included in the study. Through purposive sampling and snowball sampling, there were 7 nursing faculty researchers, 10 nursing graduate students, and 10 clinical nurse researchers. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

RESULTS: Five themes and 12 subthemes were categorized from 27 original interview documents as follows: (1) diverse reflections on human-machine symbiosis, which includes the interplay between substitution and assistance, researchers shaping the potential of generative artificial intelligence, and acceptance of generative artificial intelligence with alacrity; (2) multiple factors of the usage experience, including individual characteristics and various usage scenarios; (3) research paradigm reshaping in the infancy stage, which involves full-process groundbreaking assistive tools and emergence of new research paths; (4) application risks of generative artificial intelligence, including intrinsic limitations of generative artificial intelligence and academic integrity and medical ethics; and (5) the co-improvement of technology and literacy, which concerns reinforcement needs for generative artificial intelligence literacy, development of nursing research generative artificial intelligence and urgent need for artificial intelligence-generated content detection tools. In this context, the first 4 themes form the rocket of the human-machine symbiosis journey. Only when humans fully leverage the advantages of machines (generative artificial intelligence) and overcome their shortcomings can this human-machine symbiosis journey reach the correct future direction (fifth theme).

CONCLUSIONS: This study explored the experiences and perceptions of nurse researchers interacting with generative artificial intelligence, which was a "symbiotic journey" full of twists and turns, and provides a reference and basis for achieving harmonious coexistence between nurse researchers and generative artificial intelligence in the future. Nurse researchers, policy makers, and application developers can use the conclusions of this study to further promote the application of generative artificial intelligence in nursing research, policy making, and product development.},
}

@article {pmid40853247,
year = {2025},
author = {Baiju, DC and V M, L and Mondal, R},
title = {From Warburg to Warnings: A Genomic Approach to Oral Cancer Surveillance.},
journal = {DNA and cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/10445498251371120},
pmid = {40853247},
issn = {1557-7430},
abstract = {Mitochondria, originating from symbiotic ancestors, are acknowledged as the powerhouses of the cell. Their relevance to various cancer types is underscored by altered glucose metabolism (Warburg effect). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in oxidative damage and is a significant contributor to cancer onset and progression. Tobacco and alcohol consumption increases reactive oxygen species generation, inducing oxidative stress that disrupts respiratory activity and mtDNA, thereby promoting carcinogenesis. This review emphasizes the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer, particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), highlighting the role of mtDNA mutations. This review discusses environmental factors, such as tobacco use and human papillomavirus infection, that impact mitochondrial function, stresses the importance of mitochondrial-targeted therapies, and explores the influence of microRNAs (miRNAs) on mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Mitocans and miRNAs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for OSCC. The subsequent sections delve into recent pivotal research on mitochondria, identifying mtDNA alterations as potential cancer biomarkers. These insights promise new perspectives on noninvasive cancer detection, heralding advancements in cancer therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid40852815,
year = {2025},
author = {Benrkia, R and Fianu, AE and Ovatlarnporn, C and Olatunji, OJ},
title = {Mediterranean Seaweeds: Bridging Chemistry Knowledge, Microbial Community Profiling, Therapeutic, Nutraceutical, and Industrial Applications.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c06430},
pmid = {40852815},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Mediterranean seaweeds are a valuable source of bioactive compounds that evolved in response to the region's unique conditions. These compounds, initially serving defensive roles, show strong pharmaceutical potential with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, and essential fatty acids, these macroalgae are increasingly recognized for their role in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, research gaps persist, especially in chemical characterization and microbial profiling. The diversity, ecological roles, metabolic capabilities, and nutraceutical potential of the associated microorganisms are still poorly understood. This review offers an overview of the chemical and microbial profiling of Mediterranean seaweeds, emphasizing their pharmacological and nutraceutical value. It highlights the role of symbiotic microorganisms in metabolite biosynthesis and explores strategies to enhance the production of bioactive compounds. By doing so, this review aims to unlock the full potential of Mediterranean seaweeds and their microbial partners for sustainable pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and industrial applications.},
}

@article {pmid40852124,
year = {2025},
author = {Douglas S Stuehler, and Hunter, WB and Qureshi, JA and Cano, LM},
title = {Transcriptomic characterization of Wolbachia endosymbiont from Leuronota fagarae (Hemiptera: Psylloidae).},
journal = {Microbiome research reports},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
pmid = {40852124},
issn = {2771-5965},
abstract = {Aim: Wolbachia species are among the most abundant intracellular endosymbionts of insects worldwide. The extensive distribution of Gram-negative Wolbachia among insects highlights their evolutionary success and close relationship with many insect host species. This study aimed to characterize a novel Wolbachia strain from the Wild Lime Psyllid, Leuronota fagarae (L. fagarae), to understand its evolutionary relationship with Wolbachia from psyllid pests like Diaphorina citri, the vector of Huanglongbing (HLB). Methods: Wild-caught L. fagarae colonies from Florida, USA, were maintained on Zanthoxylum fagara. RNA was extracted from the salivary glands, heads, and whole bodies of male and female adult L. fagarae. Four cDNA libraries were sequenced using short read technology and de novo transcriptome assembly was performed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of nine conserved loci and wsp gene analysis classified the strain's phylogeny, while sequence mapping and functional annotation provided insight into host-microbe interactions. Results: The new Wolbachia strain, designated Wolbachia endosymbiont of Leuronota fagarae (wLfag-FL), was assigned to supergroup B, showing relation to Wolbachia strains of other related psyllids. Transcriptome analysis identified 1,359 Wolbachia transcripts with 465 assigned functions encompassing metabolic and secretion system pathways. Ankyrin domain proteins and a partial bacterioferritin sequence were detected, suggesting nutritional provisioning roles. Conclusion: The characterization of wLfag-FL expands the known Wolbachia host range and informs HLB-related pest biology. Its phylogenetic placement and transcript annotations offer insights into symbiotic interactions, potentially guiding environmentally safe pest control strategies targeting psyllid fitness and pathogen transmission.},
}

@article {pmid40851996,
year = {2025},
author = {Nebieridze, A and Abu-Bakr, A and Nazir, A and Ghosson, A and Minova, A and Uwishema, O},
title = {Microbiome and cardiovascular health unexplored frontiers in precision cardiology: a narrative review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {7},
pages = {4255-4261},
pmid = {40851996},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gut microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with their host. It is known that the gut microbiome has the potential to affect the host and vice versa. Cardiovascular disease and its comorbidities are the leading cause of death worldwide. Patients with various heart conditions have been observed to have a different composition of the gut microbiome. It has been postulated that the gut microbiome and its derivatives exert various effects on the cardiovascular system, termed the gut-heart axis. In this study, we aim to explore how the gut microbiome and the active metabolites produced by these microorganisms affect patient cardiovascular health. Additionally, we will discuss how gut microbiota can become a target for the new era of precision cardiology.

METHODS: Data were collected through the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Articles regarding cardiovascular health and pathology as well as its overlap with gut microbiome and health were used.

RESULTS: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiome has a significant influence on cardiovascular disease through its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids, which impact cholesterol metabolism, systemic inflammation, and plaque stability. Targeting said derivatives has proven to provide beneficial results for patients suffering from cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Finding reported here highlights the importance of microbiome in cardiovascular disease and health and suggest that microbiome-based interventions hold promise for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. More research needs to be conducted to study more concrete effects of specific microorganisms on cardiovascular health. Multicenter, longitudinal studies with a large sample size will provide the best evidence for clinically significant findings. Using precision cardiology, to target the gut microbiome and its derivatives, with medications like antibiotics, and nonpharmacologic interventions like lifestyle modification and fecal transplantation can positively influence cardiovascular health and help with the effective management of ongoing diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40850781,
year = {2025},
author = {Fukunaga, S and Ratu, STN and Okazaki, S},
title = {Regulation of Root Nodule Symbiosis by Soybean Rj Genotypes and Rhizobial Effectors.},
journal = {Microbes and environments},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1264/jsme2.ME25027},
pmid = {40850781},
issn = {1347-4405},
mesh = {*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics ; Genotype ; *Rhizobium/physiology/genetics/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Root Nodulation ; },
abstract = {Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Root nodule symbiosis between soybean and rhizobia has been extensively exami-ned due to its significance for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Recent advances have enhanced our understanding of the soybean genotypes known as the Rj/rj genotypes, which play a critical role in regulating root nodule symbiosis. Furthermore, the function of rhizobium-secreted proteins, termed effectors, in eliciting specific responses in soybean Rj/rj genotypes has been elucidated. This review summarizes the involvement of soybean Rj/rj genotypes and their corresponding root nodule bacterial effectors in the regulation of nodule formation. We also discussed the potential for manipulating root nodule symbiosis by applying Rj/rj genotypes in soybean breeding programs, which may enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency and subsequently reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural land.},
}

*Glycine max/genetics/microbiology
*Symbiosis
*Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics
Genotype
*Rhizobium/physiology/genetics/metabolism
Nitrogen Fixation
*Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Plant Root Nodulation

@article {pmid40808381,
year = {2025},
author = {Vargas, JJ and Tarnonsky, F and Maderal, A and Podversich, F and Fernández-Marenchino, I and Cuervo, W and Ramirez, V and Novo, S and Fernández-Lehmann, A and Ruiz-Moreno, M and Schulmeister, TM and Ruiz-Ascacibar, I and Ipharraguerre, IR and DiLorenzo, N},
title = {Impact of supplementing different sources of non-protein nitrogen on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle consuming a corn silage-based diet.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40808381},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle/physiology ; Fermentation/drug effects ; *Rumen/physiology/metabolism ; Male ; Diet/veterinary ; *Digestion/drug effects ; Zea mays/chemistry ; Silage/analysis ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; *Nitrogen/metabolism/administration & dosage ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Urea/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Supplementation of low-protein diets with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) increases ruminal degradable protein and improves rumen fermentation and microbial growth. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing urea-biuret (UB) and urea-biuret-nitrate (UBN) mixtures relative to urea (U) on rumen fermentation and microbial N outflow in growing steers. Twelve American Aberdeen steers were used in a replicated and balanced 3 × 3 Latin square design (LSD) with 3 periods of 35 d each. Steers were housed in pens and consumed a corn silage-based diet. Steers were stratified by body weight and randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 NPN supplementation treatments. Treatments were supplementation with U, UB, and UBN, adjusted to the amount of N provided by U when included at 1% of the diet on a dry matter (DM) basis. Intake and feeding behavior were individually recorded throughout the experiment. In each period, steers were adapted to increasing levels of NPN during the first 8 days. From days 19 to 23, feed and fecal samples were collected to assess nutrient digestibility. Samples of blood, rumen contents, and omasal digesta were collected on days 20 to 23. On day 24, rumen evacuation was performed, and subsequently steers were dosed with Co-EDTA and YbCl3 to determine the passage rate of digesta flow. Rumen fluid collection was conducted on days 24 and 25. Steers did not receive NPN supplementation from days 26 to 35 during the washout period. Microbial N flow was estimated for each animal within periods. Intake, digestibility, digesta flow, and microbial N flow were analyzed using a 3 × 3 LSD, while blood and rumen fermentation parameters were analyzed using a 3 × 3 LSD with repeated measures. Steers supplemented with UB tended (P < 0.07) to consume more DM and organic matter (OM) than those supplemented with UBN; however, animals supplemented with UBN tended (P = 0.051) to digest more acid detergent fiber in the total tract. Steers supplemented with U and UB showed greater (P < 0.05) DM and OM flow throughout the omasum than those with UBN. Microbial N flow, microbial efficiency, and the concentration of total volatile fatty acids were not different (P > 0.10) among NPN-supplemented treatments. Steers supplemented with UBN showed lesser (P < 0.05) concentration of ammonia than those with U and UB. In conclusion, novel NPN mixtures have the potential to modify ruminal fermentation without affecting microbial protein outflow.},
}

Animals
Cattle/physiology
Fermentation/drug effects
*Rumen/physiology/metabolism
Male
Diet/veterinary
*Digestion/drug effects
Zea mays/chemistry
Silage/analysis
Dietary Supplements/analysis
*Nitrogen/metabolism/administration & dosage
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animal Feed/analysis
Nutrients/metabolism
Urea/administration & dosage

@article {pmid40850636,
year = {2025},
author = {Płoszka, Z and Nowak, KH and Tischer, M and Michalik, A and Kolasa, MR and Łukasik, P},
title = {Dissecting multitrophic interactions: The relationships among Entomophthora, their dipteran hosts, and associated bacteria.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108425},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2025.108425},
pmid = {40850636},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Interactions with microorganisms across the parasite-mutualist continuum shape the biology of insects at all levels - from individual traits to populations to communities. However, the understanding of pathogens infecting non-model insect species in natural ecosystems, or their interactions with other insect-associated microorganisms, is fragmentary. Here, we tested a conceptually novel approach - the simultaneous sequencing of insect, fungal, and bacterial marker gene amplicons - as a means of dissecting interactions among entomopathogenic fungi in the genus Entomophthora and their dipteran hosts in South Greenland. We aimed to describe the taxonomic diversity of Entomophthora, their dipteran hosts, and the bacterial diversity within a set of field-collected dead insects exhibiting signs of Entomophthora infection. Across nine collected dipteran species, we identified multiple Entomophthora genotypes, with strong but not perfect patterns of host-specificity across the five targeted marker regions. Additionally, we found consistent differences in bacterial community composition among fungus-killed fly species and sampling sites. Our results substantially expand the knowledge of Entomopthora diversity and host associations while providing the very first insights into associated bacteria and their potential roles. We also conclude that multi-target amplicon sequencing can be a powerful tool for addressing broad questions about biological interactions in diverse natural communities.},
}

@article {pmid40850578,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, C and Li, A and Ji, B},
title = {Stirring speed optimization for improved microalgal-bacterial granular sludge morphology and performance in complex organic wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {133187},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133187},
pmid = {40850578},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This study investigated the morphology regulation and pollutant removal performance of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) under different organic carbon conditions, specifically comparing simple and complex organics. Results showed that MBGS proliferated faster due to filamentous cyanobacteria dominance in conditions of complex organics, requiring higher stirring speeds (300 rpm, 0.128 Pa) to inhibit excessive growth and maintain stability. Optimizing the stirring speed improved granule morphology in the complex group, reducing size and increasing density, which significantly enhanced pollutant removal efficiencies to 90.2 % for chemical oxygen demand, 86.2 % for total nitrogen, and 82.9 % for total phosphorus. Microbial community analysis further revealed that dominant phyla (Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Actinobacteriota) contributed significantly to the abundance of key carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolic genes (mqo, GLT1, ppk) under complex organic conditions. This study highlights the need for higher stirring speed to regulate MBGS in complex wastewater, providing practical strategies for optimizing treatment performance.},
}

@article {pmid40850424,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, T and Lv, J and Bian, B and Wu, Q and Zhou, L and Zhang, S and Song, W and Li, X and Tian, H and Cheng, K and Shi, L},
title = {Postbiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri cultured with Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides ameliorates high-fat-high-sugar-deteriorated colitis and associated hepatobiliary disorders.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {147065},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147065},
pmid = {40850424},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Unhealthy diet exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease and its associated hepatic disruptions. The present study demonstrated the superior efficacy of the heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus reuteri WX-94 (L. reuteri), cultured with Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides (PKP postbiotic) in ameliorating a high-fat-high-sugar (HFHS)- deteriorated colitis in rats, which outperforming PKP alone, its symbiotic form, and inactivated L. reuteri cultured without PKP. HFHS deteriorated liver functions in rats following a DSS administration, which were reversed by PKP postbiotic. PKP postbiotic exclusively enriched Prevotella and Lactobacillus while decreasing Escherichia.coil, along with the elevation in fecal short-chain fatty acids, serum bile acids (e.g., taurocholic acid, taurallocholic acid and tauroursocholic acid), indole derivatives (e.g., indolepropionic acid, indoleacetic acid, indolelactic acid) and phospholipids. Mechanistically, PKP postbiotic suppressed colonic inflammation and hepatobiliary disorders through regulating tryptophan catabolism-activated AHR/IL-22 signaling and bile acids-activated TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling. Furthermore, we utilized human data sourced from Gene Expression Omnibus databases to confirm the involvement of key pathways regulated by PKP postbiotic in the colitis pathogenesis. Mendelian randomization-derived causal associations were observed between PKP postbiotic-elevated indole lactic acid with both colitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Our study presents compelling evidence of a novel property of PKP that augments the health-promoting benefits of inactivated L. reuteri.},
}

@article {pmid40849563,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Z and Yu, S and Du, X and Yan, X and Xin, Y},
title = {Role of branched chain amino acid metabolism on aging.},
journal = {Biogerontology},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {169},
pmid = {40849563},
issn = {1573-6768},
support = {7244324//Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality/ ; 82400402//NSFC/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism ; *Aging/metabolism ; Animals ; Homeostasis ; Longevity/physiology ; },
abstract = {Aging is a complex biochemical phenomenon that considerably impacts both individual health and societal dynamics. Recent researches have emphasized the essential function of metabolism in the processes of aging and longevity. Metabolites-chemical byproducts produced by the host organism and its symbiotic partners, including the microbiota, are generated through numerous metabolic pathways. In the last fifteen years, major progress has been made in elucidating the metabolism of BCAAs and the detailed molecular mechanisms that connect BCAAs homeostasis to the aging process. The growing body of literature presents a comprehensive view of the tissue- and disease-specific regulatory mechanisms governing BCAAs and their activation of various molecular pathways. These pathways link fluctuations in BCAA levels to the onset and progression of age-related diseases. This review seeks to consolidate current knowledge on the factors influencing BCAA levels and their metabolic pathways. It further aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking dysregulated BCAA homeostasis to age-related diseases, evaluate epidemiological evidence correlating BCAAs with various cardiovascular conditions, and identify gaps in current understanding that warrant further investigation.},
}

Humans
*Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism
*Aging/metabolism
Animals
Homeostasis
Longevity/physiology

@article {pmid40849284,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, Y and Chu, J and Dong, S and Song, W and Xu, C},
title = {Sugar codes for plant fitness: arabinosylation in small peptide signaling.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.07.011},
pmid = {40849284},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Arabinosylation, a critical post-translational modification (PTM) ubiquitous in plants, has received insufficient scientific attention relative to its biological significance. While small secreted peptides (SSPs) are crucial signaling molecules that orchestrate plant growth, stress adaptation, and host-microbe communication, emerging evidence positions arabinosylation as a key regulatory mechanism modulating SSP functionality. In this review we synthesize current knowledge on arabinosylated SSPs, emphasizing their regulatory roles in developmental programming and reprogramming, stress resilience, and symbiotic interactions. We discuss biochemical mechanisms through which arabinosylation enhances peptide biological activity or stability, including receptor interaction modulation, structural stabilization, and proteolytic resistance. We also evaluate future opportunities for leveraging arabinosylation engineering in developing climate-smart crops through targeted arabinosylated SSPs.},
}

@article {pmid40845095,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, H and Xu, S and Jangir, Y and Wegener, G and Orphan, VJ and El-Naggar, MY},
title = {Redox conduction facilitates direct interspecies electron transport in anaerobic methanotrophic consortia.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {11},
number = {34},
pages = {eadw4289},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adw4289},
pmid = {40845095},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Electron Transport ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Methane/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; *Archaea/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Microbial Consortia ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) form syntrophic partnerships in marine sediments to consume greenhouse gas methane. While direct interspecies electron transport is proposed to enable ANME/SRB symbiosis, its electrochemical properties remain uncharacterized. Here, using sediment-free enrichment cultures, we measured the electron transport capabilities of marine consortia under physiological conditions. Diverse ANME/SRB consortia exhibited high dry conductance close to electrogenic biofilms. This conductance diminished upon exposure to heat or oxygen but was preserved following paraformaldehyde fixation, indicating a biomolecular origin for this electric charge transfer. Cyclic voltammetry revealed redox activity centered at 28 ± 11, 94 ± 6, and 24 ± 7 millivolts for ANME-1/Desulfofervidus, ANME-2a/Seep-SRB1, and ANME-2a+2c/Seep-SRB1+2 consortia, respectively. Generator-collector measurements further demonstrated that these redox components facilitate electron transport over micrometer-scale distances, sufficient to link archaeal and bacterial partners. Collectively, our results establish that marine ANME/SRB symbiosis uses redox conduction, consistent with multiheme cytochrome c, for direct interspecies electron transport.},
}

Electron Transport
Oxidation-Reduction
*Methane/metabolism
Anaerobiosis
*Archaea/metabolism
Geologic Sediments/microbiology
*Microbial Consortia
Symbiosis

@article {pmid40844740,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, J and Zhang, X and Tan, Z and Jiao, J and Zhou, C},
title = {Microbiome-host co-oscillation patterns in shaping ruminal ecosystem from birth to puberty in a goat model.},
journal = {Science China. Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40844740},
issn = {1869-1889},
abstract = {The maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and its interconnected microbial consortia in various ruminant species is essential for their survival and productivity, as this symbiotic group plays a key role in metabolizing phyto-derived feeds into bioavailable nutrients. The rumen mucosa serves as a crucial conduit for complex host-microbiota interplay, while scarce knowledge is available regarding their co-oscillation patterns from birth to puberty. Here, we characterized th overall interaction of five age groups, from 1-day-old to 90-day-old goats. The findings indicated that the composition of the mucosa-attached microbiota underwent significant changes, with Mannheimia, Porphyromonas and Streptococcus taking the lead as the dominant genera at day 1, Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus amylovorus dominated at day 10, and a mature microbiota characterized by Succiniclasticum ruminis, Ruminococcus albus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes until day 90. Additionally, the rumen mucosa underwent a three-phase temporal shift during early life, from digestive system to immune development, and finally to nutrient metabolism. Furthermore, the integration of mucosal microbiome and host gene expression profiles uncovered a phase-specific interaction between the microbial community and host epithelium, with the early phase emphasizing digestive and immune development and the later phase focusing on enhanced nutrient metabolism. Collectively, microbiome-host co-oscillation in the rumen mucosa shaped the ruminal ecosystem during early life.},
}

@article {pmid40843366,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, JY and Tang, RN and Wang, JW and Chen, WY and Liu, X and Wang, JW and Li, MY and Jiang, FS},
title = {Gymnadenia conopsea orchid: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1595714},
pmid = {40843366},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br., a medicinally significant orchid used for millennia in China, is systematically reviewed regarding its botany, resources, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and propagation strategies to advance therapeutic utilization and conservation.

METHODS: Using keywords such as "G. conopsea," "phytochemistry," "propagation and breeding," "bioactive compounds," "immunomodulatory effects," and "neuroprotective potential," we systematically searched literature related to G. conopsea plants from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, ACS Publications, CNKI, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar.

RESULTS: A total of 1,074 papers were retrieved and 133 full-text articles were ultimately selected and comprehensively reviewed. Up to now, over 203 metabolites have been identified in the tubers of G. conopsea, including benzyl ester glucosides, stilbenoids, phenanthrenes, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids and polysaccharides. Pharmacological studies validate its multi-target therapeutic potential across tonification, anti-fatigue interventions, oxidative stress mitigation, antiviral defense, and management of gastric ulcers and silicosis. Despite extensive research on the pharmacological properties of crude extracts, the relationship between specific bioactive compounds and their corresponding pharmacological activities, particularly in vivo, remains poorly understood. Critically, overexploitation and habitat degradation have led to its classification as an endangered species. Current propagation efforts face significant challenges, including low natural germination rates, and dependence on specific habitats and obligate mycorrhizal fungi, precluding the development of efficient large-scale cultivation and seedling production systems.

CONCLUSION: Marked progress has been made in characterizing small-molecule metabolites of G. conopsea, yet comprehensive structural elucidation of polysaccharides remains incomplete. Additionally, research must be intensified on synergistic interactions of bioactive constituents, molecular targets, mechanisms of action, and in vivo metabolic pathways to facilitate development of a quality standard system. For propagation, wild-simulated cultivation should be adopted for resource conservation, while optimizing symbiotic germination techniques is critical to overcome propagation bottlenecks, ultimately enabling sustainable utilization.},
}

@article {pmid40842834,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, R and Ying, Z and Yang, Y and Zhang, C and Zhou, W and Zhang, Z and Ding, H and Zhou, Y and Zhang, C},
title = {Changes of intestinal microbiota and liver metabolomics in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) before and after rice flowering in rice-fish symbiosis farmed mode.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1617168},
pmid = {40842834},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The rice-fish symbiosis farming model (RFFM) has been shown to enhance gut microbial diversity and improve immunity in fish. To examine changes in gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) during different rice growth stages, we analyzed samples collected from the pre-flowering (Group P) and after-flowering (Group A) phases. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, with data analyzed using Principal component analysis (PCA), while hepatic metabolic profiles were characterized through untargeted metabolomics using XCMS and metaX for data processing. Our results revealed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity in Group A. Notably, the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Cetobacterium were significantly lower in Group A compared to Group P, whereas Brevundimonas, Oxyphotobacteria_unclassified, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were more abundant in Group A. Hepatic metabolic profiles also differed between the two groups, with amino acid metabolism and related pathways being upregulated, while lipid metabolism and associated pathways were downregulated in Group A. Correlation analysis using SPSS suggested that Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, a dominant bacterial group, played a key role in mediating hepatic metabolic changes under the RFFM. These findings indicate that rice flowering in the rice-fish symbiosis system positively influences gut microbiota composition and hepatic metabolism in yellow catfish. Furthermore, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 may have potential as a probiotic for improving fish health in this integrated farming system.},
}

@article {pmid40842833,
year = {2025},
author = {Doni, F and Chen, J and Satyan, KB},
title = {Editorial: Advances in beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions in cereal crops.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1663889},
pmid = {40842833},
issn = {1664-302X},
}

@article {pmid40842674,
year = {2025},
author = {Réblová, M and Nekvindová, J and Hynar, O and Vohník, M},
title = {From seagrass roots to saline soils: discovery of two new genera in Lulworthiales (Sordariomycetes) from osmotically stressed habitats.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {e157688},
pmid = {40842674},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {As part of an ongoing study of marine fungi associated with seagrasses, we discovered a novel root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific species Thalassodendronciliatum from Mauritius. Culturing its mycobionts yielded dozens of morphologically and genetically uniform isolates, all representing a previously unknown fungus. A second undescribed fungus was isolated from saline soils in Czechia. Phylogenetic analyses based on three rDNA markers confirmed both taxa as distinct, hitherto unknown lineages within the Lulworthiales, which are introduced here as Thalassodendromycespurpureus gen. et sp. nov. and Halomyrmapluriseptata gen. et sp. nov., respectively. Both species developed characteristic structures under culture conditions that enabled their morphological characterisation: T.purpureus forms distinctive clusters of dark brown monilioid hyphae, while H.pluriseptata is characterised by holoblastic conidiogenesis and solitary, dark brown, multicellular conidia. Thalassodendromyces clustered in a strongly supported clade with Spathulospora, a parasitic genus of the red macroalga Ballia, while the closest relatives of Halomyrma were identified as the asexual genera Halazoon and Halophilomyces (nom. inval. Art. 40.7). An analysis of published metabarcoding ITS rDNA data from environmental samples in the GlobalFungi database indicated that H.pluriseptata is widely distributed across temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The species exhibits a strong preference for aquatic biomes, particularly marine and estuarine, with a few records in terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, no record of T.purpureus was retrieved from GlobalFungi, suggesting narrower ecological specialisation, a close association with its seagrass host, and/or a restricted geographical range. Our findings expand the ecological and phylogenetic scope of the Lulworthiales, bridging marine and terrestrial fungal communities, and highlight seagrass roots as an important source of novel symbiotic marine fungi. Recent discoveries of the Lulworthiales in saline inland soils challenge their marine exclusivity and raise important questions about their ecological plasticity, dispersal mechanisms, and adaptive strategies. In light of current observations, we discuss the taxonomic challenges of the Spathulosporales and the lulworthialean fungi, integrating molecular and morphological perspectives. We address the importance of combining morphological and molecular approaches to accurately delineate new fungal taxa, as well as the value of environmental DNA metabarcoding for uncovering cryptic fungal diversity and enhancing our understanding of fungal distribution and ecological functions.},
}

@article {pmid40842040,
year = {2025},
author = {Prioux, C and Ferrier-Pagès, C and Lamarca, T and Allemand, D and Tignat-Perrier, R},
title = {Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {107},
pmid = {40842040},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The climate crisis poses a serious threat to octocorals in the Mediterranean Sea as marine heatwaves (MHWs) not only impair coral metabolism but also disrupt the complex symbiosis between the coral host and its microbiome. Since octocorals are the foundation species of the Mediterranean animal forests, understanding their resilience, i.e. ability to recover and survive to MHWs, is crucial to predict their viability under future climatic conditions. Using amplification of 16 S and 18 S rRNA genes for metabarcoding and qPCR analyses to follow the changes in bacterial microbiome and eukaryome as well as host response under stress and recovery conditions, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the resilience of an iconic Mediterranean octocoral (the red coral Corallium rubrum) to a mild (19 °C) and more severe (23 °C) heat stress.

RESULTS: The results of this work indicate a stress response of the host to elevated temperatures, even under mild temperature. The eukaryome was highly sensitive to heat stress and underwent rapid structural changes among the dominant microeukaryotes. In contrast, the relative and absolute abundance of the major bacterial symbionts remained stable throughout the stress. However, heat stress led to a significant increase in the abundance of some taxa such as Vibrionaceae that persisted after a week of recovery.

CONCLUSIONS: While the host recovered from the stress, and the microbiome largely returned to its original composition during recovery, the results highlight the persistent presence of some taxa that might compromise the short-term resilience of octocoral holobionts. This study provides new information on how octocoral holobionts respond to MHWs in the Mediterranean Sea. This knowledge is crucial for the development of effective, science-based strategies for coral protection and restauration.},
}

@article {pmid40841061,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Wang, S and Zhuang, LL and Liu, S and Su, Y and Hu, Z and Wang, X and Cui, S and Peng, G},
title = {The growth-promoting effect and mechanism of microalgae on plants in PAHs contaminated soil.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {158},
number = {},
pages = {883-894},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.007},
pmid = {40841061},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {*Soil Pollutants/metabolism/analysis ; *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism/analysis ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Microalgae/physiology ; *Triticum/growth & development ; Chlorella vulgaris ; Rhizosphere ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Microalgae can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. However, the remediation mechanism of microalgae in PAH-contaminated soil remains unclear. In this study, the growth-promoting effects of wheat by Chlorella vulgaris in PAH-contaminated soil were studied. Structural changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community and the bacterial metabolism were further explored. It revealed that the addition of C. vulgaris promoted wheat's dry weight and height by 10.22 % and 122.15 %, respectively. One explanation was the degradation and transformation of PAHs by C. vulgaris, which relieved the inhibitory effect on wheat growth. Compared with the blank control group, C. vulgaris addition enhanced the degradation efficiencies of phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pry) by 4.81 % and 8.34 %, respectively (with the initial concentrations in soil of 1.03 × 10[4] and 2.21 × 10[4] µg/g, respectively). The binding state of Phe and Pyr changed to a free state, which facilitated microbial degradation. The Phe and Pyr contents in wheat decreased by 22.23 % and 18.54 %, respectively. The presence of C. vulgaris increased the abundance of Sphingosinomonas bacteria capable of degrading PAHs by 95.24 %. Enzyme activities related to the transport, oxidation, and dehydrogenation of PAHs in the bacterial community also increased. This study demonstrated C. vulgaris' multiple pathways for remediating PAH-polluted soil, including PAH degradation, nutrient and hormone release, and bacterial community adjustment. In conclusion, C. vulgaris addition enhanced the algae-bacteria symbiosis, which was of great significance for the removal of PAHs from the soil and the promotion of plant growth.},
}

*Soil Pollutants/metabolism/analysis
*Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism/analysis
Biodegradation, Environmental
*Microalgae/physiology
*Triticum/growth & development
Chlorella vulgaris
Rhizosphere
Soil Microbiology
Soil/chemistry

@article {pmid40840251,
year = {2025},
author = {Gui, L and Wang, S and Chen, L and Dou, Y and Fan, Y and Huang, S and Wu, T and Tian, X},
title = {Crumpled polyethyleneimine nanofiltration membranes regulated by thermocapillary effect for efficient magnesium-lithium separation.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {287},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {124352},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.124352},
pmid = {40840251},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {The advancement of lithium (Li) extraction from brines is crucial for boosting Li production capacity and meeting the growing demands of emerging energy markets. However, the presence of symbiotic ions, particularly magnesium ions (Mg[2+]), poses significant challenges. Although conventional nanofiltration (NF) membranes have demonstrated considerable potential in magnesium-lithium (Mg[2+]/Li[+]) separation, they often face the inherent trade-off between membrane permeance and salt rejection. In this study, NF membranes with desirable ridge-like structures were fabricated via temperature-gradient-assisted interfacial polymerization. Notably, under the action of thermocapillary effect, the surface morphology of the membranes can be precisely controlled by adjusting the amount of residual aqueous film on the substrate. The separation performances revealed that the unique microscale hollow ridges provided a larger effective filtration area, leading to a substantial improvement in membrane permeance. Compared to conventional polyethyleneimine-based NF membranes, the optimized membrane exhibited a threefold increase in permeance (17.6 L·m[-2]·h[-1]·bar[-1]) while exhibiting a higher Mg[2+] rejection rate (97.6 %) and exceptional Mg[2+]/Li[+] selectivity (SLi[+]/Mg[2+] = 32.2). Additionally, the membrane demonstrated excellent long-term operational and storage stability. These crumpled membranes displayed advantages such as ease of production and high separation efficiency, making them highly promising for practical applications in Mg[2+]/Li[+] separation.},
}

@article {pmid40839311,
year = {2025},
author = {Majhi, P and Prajapati, N and Pradhan, U and Das, SN and Shukla, AK},
title = {Sustainable stress management in crops: unlocking the potential of rhizospheric microbes.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {207},
number = {10},
pages = {233},
pmid = {40839311},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {*Rhizosphere ; *Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/physiology/growth & development ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Microbiota ; Symbiosis ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; },
abstract = {Biotic and abiotic stresses pose significant challenges to global agricultural productivity by adversely affecting soil health, plant vitality, and crop yields. These stresses can lead to economic crises, highlighting the urgent need for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solutions to mitigate their negative impacts. Traditionally, agrochemicals such as pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and herbicides have been extensively and often improperly used to protect plants and enhance crop productivity. However, this over-reliance has harmed ecosystems and human health. In response to these challenges, plants have evolved symbiotic relationships with microbes as a natural defense mechanism. Increasingly, attention is being directed toward rhizospheric microbiomes like Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pantoea sp., Rhizobium sp., Trichoderma sp., Piriformospora sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., etc. for their potential to manage pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and herbivores responsible for biotic stress and abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, and metal toxicity in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. Validating these microbial interactions through experimental research is essential to understand their effects on rhizosphere biodiversity, soil heath status, plant growth and crop productivity. This review examines the role of rhizospheric microbes in protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses through plant-microbiota symbioses.},
}

*Rhizosphere
*Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/physiology/growth & development
*Soil Microbiology
*Stress, Physiological
*Microbiota
Symbiosis
Fungi
Bacteria

@article {pmid40839117,
year = {2025},
author = {Oravecz, O and Xie, Y and Balogh, A and Posta, M and Harms, C and Farkas, E and Borowski, S and Szekeres-Barthó, J and Than, NG and Blois, SM},
title = {Maternal and placental galectins: key players in the feto-maternal symbiotic tango.},
journal = {Seminars in immunopathology},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {40839117},
issn = {1863-2300},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; *Galectins/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Placenta/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology ; Placentation/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; },
abstract = {Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are critical in regulating feto-maternal interactions during pregnancy. Their evolutionary trajectory is reflected in their expression patterns and diverse functions in embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion, and maternal immune and vascular adaptation, contributing to healthy placentation and uncomplicated pregnancy. Galectin-1 (gal-1), one of the most ancient galectins, plays a pivotal role in feto-maternal immune regulation, acting predominantly from the maternal side to promote immune tolerance, a function integrated early in placental mammalian evolution. In contrast, anthropoid primates introduced a unique set of fetal (placental) galectins (gal-13, gal-14, and gal-16) through birth-and-death evolution, with these genes localized on human chromosome 19. Notably, these primate species have evolved varying degrees of deep placentation, with humans exhibiting the deepest, which facilitates enhanced nutrient delivery to the fetus, particularly for brain development. Placental galectins have been implicated in the evolution of immune tolerance mechanisms that support deep placentation. During pregnancy, reduced expression of maternal galectins (e.g., gal-1) and placental galectins (e.g., gal-13) has been associated with severe obstetric complications, signaling disruptions in feto-maternal tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of gal-1, gal-13, gal-14, and gal-16, highlighting their shared and unique roles in maternal and placental immune regulation and placental development. Additionally, the review explores the potential of maternal versus placental galectins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for adverse pregnancy outcomes.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
*Galectins/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Placenta/metabolism/immunology
Animals
*Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology
Placentation/immunology
Immune Tolerance

@article {pmid40837223,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, HM and Zhang, QL and Qiao, X and Dai, MW and Yuan, YS and Tang, XM and Yang, WJ and Jing, R and Li, XC and Zhang, Q and Yan, X and Ma, YC and Huang, YB and Zhou, LX and Long, J and Peng, NN and Cai, CH and Meng, JH and Luo, KJ},
title = {Innexin DNA-binding domains regulate Microplitis bicoloratus bracoviral transcription in symbiotic wasps.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {28},
number = {9},
pages = {113276},
pmid = {40837223},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Bracoviruses have two hosts: symbiotic wasps and infected hosts. Although symbiotic wasps and infected Spodoptera litura larva host bracoviruses, mature virions form only in the wasps after the integrated Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) proviral genome replicates. However, the associated mechanisms of transcription regulation have not been characterized. Here, we found that innexins (Inxs) of the Microplitis bicoloratus wasp (Mb-Inx1 and Mb-Inx2) contain DNA-binding domains that directly bind to, and regulate transcription promoters of the viral envelope genes MbBVp74 and MbBVe56-1. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Mb-Inx1 and Mb-Inx2 RNA interference cause abnormal bracoviral virion formation. This led to inhibited virion assembly in wasp ovaries and downregulated envelope genes that are analogous to baculovirus proteins. The ectopic expression of Mb-Inx1 and Mb-Inx2 in the Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus expression system promoted nuclear polyhedra formation. We propose that unique bracoviral transcription strategies regulated by wasp Inx proteins govern virus-wasp interactions.},
}

@article {pmid40837070,
year = {2025},
author = {Bunch, KM and Greeneway, GP and Ansari, DS and Patel, C and Nottmeier, EW and Madhavan, KHS and Pirris, SM and Sama, AA and Brooks, NP},
title = {The symbiosis of robotics, enabling technology and minimally invasive surgery.},
journal = {North American Spine Society journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {100769},
pmid = {40837070},
issn = {2666-5484},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Procedural and technical advances in spinal surgery, such as the utilization of minimally-invasive techniques, have evolved alongside the development and distribution of tools such as navigation, robotics, augmented reality (AR), dynamic visualization, and preoperative planning modules. Each innovative advancement in a surgeon's ability to see, measure, and manipulate human tissue entails an improvement or novel application of existing tools. Similarly, given the enormous economic and opportunity costs associated with the research and development of novel technologies, these efforts must be refined to address existing needs and infrastructure gaps. The successful application of enabling technologies such as robotics, navigation, and minimally-invasive techniques, is therefore dependent upon the expansion of new surgical tools and techniques.

METHODS: We review numerous technological advances (Navigation, Intraoperative Imaging, Robotics, Augmented Reality, Computational Planning and Visualization) within the field of spine surgery and demonstrate their mutually beneficial, yet dependent, relationship with one another in advancing spine surgery technology through both expert opinion and published literature.

RESULTS: We provide an overview of several different domains of enabling technology as they pertain to novel applications in spinal surgery and review current uses, limitations, and areas of potential improvement.

CONCLUSIONS: The integration of augmented reality, robotics, visualization and navigational technologies, minimally invasive techniques, and other advanced tools have enabled the surgeon to perform both standard and novel procedures in unique ways.},
}

@article {pmid40836244,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, LC and Wei, SC and Li, YH and Huang, CY and Pai, YC and Hung, YM and Lai, LC and Ni, YH},
title = {Phenotypic characterization and complete genome of a tumorigenic pathobiont Escherichia coli LI60C3.},
journal = {Gut pathogens},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40836244},
issn = {1757-4749},
support = {NHRI-EX111/112/113-11108BI//National Health Research Institute, Taiwan/ ; NHRI-EX111/112/113-11108BI//National Health Research Institute, Taiwan/ ; NHRI-EX111/112/113-11108BI//National Health Research Institute, Taiwan/ ; NHRI-EX111/112/113-11108BI//National Health Research Institute, Taiwan/ ; NSTC 113-2320-B002-062-MY3, MoST 110-2320-B-002-011-MY3//National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbiotic microbes benefit the host, but the emergence of pathobionts leads to disease. An invasive Escherichia coli LI60C3, isolated from mouse colonocytes, shows colitogenic and tumorigenic properties. Despite extensive research on the role of microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, the genetic markers associated with this pathobiont remain elusive. The objective is to characterize the tumorigenic E. coli through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic assays, and validate their presence in human CRC.

METHODS: The intracellular bacterial counts and proliferation rates of human intestinal epithelial cells were evaluated after exposure to various E. coli strains. Tumor burden was assessed in mice orally administered LI60C3. WGS of LI60C3 was performed on a PacBio Sequel II platform, and the long reads were assembled de novo for gene annotation and detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Bacteria-specific genes were assessed in CRC specimens by qPCR analysis.

RESULTS: A 100-fold increase in intracellular bacterial count was observed in epithelial cells exposed to LI60C3 compared to commensal E. coli strains. LI60C3 resulted in a threefold increase in epithelial cell cycle rate and a fourfold rise in mouse tumor numbers. WGS revealed a circular chromosome of 4,863,930 bases for LI60C3, demonstrating a high sequence homology to adherent-invasive E. coli LF82 (91%) and NC101 (87%) and to uropathogenic E. coli 536 (88%). Two extrachromosomal plasmids, pTra and pCoMb, were identified. While pTra exhibits sequence homology with other commensal E. coli plasmids, pCoMb has partial matches with those found in pathogenic bacteria. LI60C3 is classified as phylogroup B2 and expresses virulence factors, including Type 1 and P fimbriae, contact-dependent growth inhibition system, iron acquisition system, and hemolysin. Unique gene clusters, named Epm and Phz islands, were identified in the LI60C3 genome. The emergence of LI60C3-specific genes was observed in mouse tumors induced by chemicals and gene mutation, and higher levels of LI60C3 markers were validated in human CRC specimens compared with healthy mucosal samples.

CONCLUSION: Genetic signatures of LI60C3 were detected in mouse and human CRC. The comparative genome analysis for LI60C3 helps identify pathobionts and may be used as cancer predictors.},
}

@article {pmid40836206,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiong, Q and Zheng, L and Zhang, Q and Li, T and Zheng, L and Song, L},
title = {Comparative genomic insights into ecological adaptations and evolutionary dynamics of Trebouxiophyceae algae.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {764},
pmid = {40836206},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {Grant No.2021xjkk0600//Supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program/ ; },
mesh = {Phylogeny ; *Genomics/methods ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Chlorophyta/genetics/classification ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Trebouxiophyceae is a diverse and species-rich class within the Chlorophyta, exhibiting a wide array of lineages and remarkable variations in morphology and ecology. This group encompasses various lifestyles, including photobionts in symbiotic relationships, free-living forms, and parasitic heterotrophs lacking photosynthetic capacity. Trebouxiophycean algae have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their fundamental biological significance and their promising applications in biotechnology. This study presents a comprehensive genomic analysis of six newly sequenced strains of Trebouxiophyceae, expanding upon a foundation of 25 previously reported high-quality genomes to conduct comparative genomics and evolutionary assessments.

RESULTS: Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18 S rDNA and single-copy orthologues confirmed the accurate identification of species. The analyzed strains exhibited variable genome sizes ranging from 2.37 Mb to 106.45 Mb, with GC content varying between 46.19% and 67.20%, and repeat content ranging from 1.67 to 19.73%. Gene family expansion and contraction analyses revealed that the subaerial species Apatococcus exhibited the most extensive expansions, while Picochlorum, along with the ancestors of the parasitic genera (Auxenochlorella, Helicosporidium, and Prototheca) experienced pronounced contractions. Evolutionary analyses using the branch model and branch-site model in PAML indicated that genera with the most marked gene family expansion and contraction also contained orthogroups undergoing positive selection and rapid evolution. Comparative assessments of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), nitrogen transport and assimilation proteins, hexose-proton symporter-like genes (HUP1, HUP2, and HUP3), and C4-related enzymes across 31 Trebouxiophyceae genomes revealed further patterns of adaptation. Coccomyxa was the only genus containing all the ten types of BGCs, while most other genera exhibited relatively fewer BGCs. The nitrate transporter and the urea active transporter were both absent in the three parasitic genera, and urease, the urease accessory proteins and arginase were nearly universally missing in all the species. All the species possessed the HUP1, HUP2, and HUP3 genes, except that HUP2 was absent in Prototheca and Picochlorum, and the relative abundances of the three genes varied among genera. The NAD-ME, and PCK subtypes of C4-related genes were widely distributed in all the samples, while the malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) was identified only in the four freshwater strains belonging to Chlorella and Coccomyxa.

CONCLUSIONS: Expanded gene families, along with the rapid evolution and positive selection genes, likely played important roles in environmental adaption across terrestrial and marine habitat. Conversely, genome streamlining due to widespread gene families likely contributed to the parasitic heterotrophic lifestyles. Additionally, the distribution of BGCs, nitrogen transport proteins and HUP-like genes, and the types of C4-related enzymes perhaps highlighted the potential of Trebouxiophyceae to adapt to complex and varied environmental conditions.},
}

Phylogeny
*Genomics/methods
*Evolution, Molecular
*Chlorophyta/genetics/classification
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics

@article {pmid40835991,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, M and Yuan, T and Jiang, L and Zhou, G and Huang, H},
title = {Acclimation mechanisms of reef-building coral Acropora gemmifera juveniles to long-term CO2-driven ocean acidification.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {30655},
pmid = {40835991},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2018A0303130173//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China/ ; 2023B1212060047//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China/ ; 2021YFC3100500//National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; U23A2035//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Ocean acidification (OA) is a major threat to the sexual recruitment of reef-building corals. Acclimation mechanisms are critical but poorly understood in reef-building corals to OA during early life stages. Here, Acropora gemmifera, a common Indo-Pacific coral cultured in in situ seawater from Luhuitou reef at three levels of pCO2 (pH 8.14, 7.83, 7.54), showed significantly delayed larval metamorphosis and juvenile growth, but adapted to long-term high pCO2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) emerged as a time- and dose-dependent mode of short-term response (3 days post settlement, d p.s.) and long-term acclimation (40 d p.s.), with more DEGs responding to high pCO2 (pH 7.54) than to medium pCO2 (pH 7.83). High pCO2, a presumed threatening seawater baseline for A. gemmifera juveniles, activated DNA repair, macroautophagy, microautophagy and mitophagy mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, recycle cytosolic proteins and damaged organelles, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H[+], but at the cost of delayed development through cell cycle arrest associated with epigenetic and genetic regulation at 3 d p.s.. However, A.gemmifera juveniles acclimated to high pCO2 by up-regulating cell cycle, transcription, translation, cell proliferation, cell-extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, cell communication, signal transduction, transport, binding, Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis, development and calcification from 3 d p.s. to 40 d p.s., when energy reallocation and metabolic suppression occurred for high demand but short-term energy limitation in coral cells undergoing flexible symbiosis. All results indicate that acclimation mechanisms of complicated gene expression improve larval and juvenile resilience to OA for coral population recovery and reef restoration.},
}

@article {pmid40834857,
year = {2025},
author = {Teyssendier de la Serve, J and Gautrat, P and Laffont, C and Lesterps, Z and Huault, E and Guerard, F and San Clemente, H and Aguilar, M and Bensmihen, S and Gakière, B and Frei-Dit-Frey, N and Frugier, F},
title = {The sTDIF signaling peptide modulates the root stele diameter and primary metabolism to accommodate symbiotic nodulation.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.07.056},
pmid = {40834857},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Legume plants form specific organs on their root system, the nitrogen-fixing nodules, thanks to a symbiotic interaction with soil bacteria collectively named rhizobia. Rhizobia, however, do not only induce the formation of these nodule organs but also modulate root system architecture. We identified in Medicago truncatula a previously unnoticed increase in the root stele diameter occurring upon rhizobium inoculation. This symbiotic root response, similarly observed in another crop legume, pea, occurs rapidly and locally after rhizobium inoculation, leading to an increased number of vascular cells. Interestingly, this root stele diameter symbiotic response requires tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) signaling peptides and, notably, the MtCLE37 TDIF-encoding gene whose expression is increased during nodulation, thus being referred to as symbiotic nodulation TDIF (sTDIF). Indeed, a cle37/stdif mutant is not responsive to rhizobium regarding its root stele diameter increase and has a reduced nodule number. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that stdif has a defective primary metabolism, notably affecting carbohydrate/sugar accumulation in both roots and nodules. Remarkably, a sucrose or a malate exogenous treatment is able to rescue the rhizobium-induced stele diameter symbiotic response in stdif. This metabolic deregulation is thus instrumental in explaining the altered symbiotic response of the mutant. Overall, this study highlights a novel function of TDIF signaling peptides in legumes plants, which, beyond regulating stele development, also modulates the root primary metabolism adaptations required for symbiotic nodule development.},
}

@article {pmid40834321,
year = {2025},
author = {Busenitz, K and Lundgren, JG},
title = {No effects of human-grade probiotics on Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) health metrics.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf210},
pmid = {40834321},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {Dietary-administered probiotics may address poor health and performance in honey bees (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]). Human-grade probiotics are an affordable source of general probiotics. We examined the effects of human-grade probiotics by comparing colony and individual level health and performance between colonies administered a probiotic every other week, and those not given probiotic supplementation (control treatment group). We found that probiotics did not statistically increase individual honey bee health and performance as measured by body lipid level, tibial length, and weight of bees, nor colony performance as measured by monthly assessments of brood area, colony weight, and Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) mite infestation rate.},
}

@article {pmid40833415,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, F and Liu, Y and Whitfield, D and Pang, L and Ali, H and Huang, Y and Zhou, F and Hagan, RS and Frenis, K and Rowe, RG and Chen, P},
title = {Macrophage TBK1 signaling drives the development and outgrowth of breast cancer brain metastasis.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {34},
pages = {e2420793122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2420793122},
pmid = {40833415},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {R01 NS124594/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01NS127824//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)/ ; W81XWH-21-1-0380//U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)/ ; P30CA043703//HHS | NIH | NCI | Center for Cancer Research (CCR)/ ; },
mesh = {*Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; Female ; *Brain Neoplasms/secondary/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; *Signal Transduction ; Animals ; Mice ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Macrophages/metabolism/pathology ; *Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism/pathology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Cell Movement ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment that promote breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). Here, we identify TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) as a critical signaling molecule enriched and activated in TAMs of BCBM tumors, playing an indispensable role in BCBM development and metastatic outgrowth in the brain. Mechanistically, BCBM cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinase 1 binds to protease-activated receptor 1 and integrin αVβ5 on macrophages, leading to TBK1 activation mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Reciprocally, TBK1-regulated TAMs produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to drive breast cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion, ultimately contributing to BCBM development and brain metastatic outgrowth. Inhibition of TBK1 signaling in TAMs or GM-CSF receptor in cancer cells impedes BCBM development and brain metastatic outgrowth. Correspondingly, the TBK1-GM-CSF signaling axis correlates with lower overall survival in patients with BCBM. Thus, TBK1-mediated tumor-TAM symbiotic interaction provides a promising therapeutic target for patients with BCBM.},
}

*Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Humans
Female
*Brain Neoplasms/secondary/metabolism/pathology/genetics
*Signal Transduction
Animals
Mice
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
Tumor Microenvironment
Cell Line, Tumor
*Macrophages/metabolism/pathology
*Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism/pathology
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Cell Movement
NF-kappa B/metabolism

@article {pmid40833097,
year = {2025},
author = {Staehelin, C and Forsberg, LS and D'Haeze, W and Gao, M-Y and Carlson, RW and Xie, Z-P and Pellock, BJ and Jones, KM and Walker, GC and Streit, WR and Broughton, WJ},
title = {Correction for Staehelin et al., "Exo-Oligosaccharides of Rhizobium sp. Strain NGR234 Are Required for Symbiosis with Various Legumes".},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0015725},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00157-25},
pmid = {40833097},
issn = {1098-5530},
}

@article {pmid40833026,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Z and Lu, Y and Du, P and Zhang, M and Li, D and Xie, F and Chen, D and Lin, H and Li, Y},
title = {A Lipopolysaccharide Lipid A Acyltransferase Gene msbB Is Involved in Soybean Rhizobial Intracellular Colonization and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-02-25-0018-R},
pmid = {40833026},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {Three major components of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rhizobia, namely core polysaccharide, o-antigen, and lipid A, act as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to participate in the symbiosis between rhizobia and legume. Rhizobia have a different lipid A structure from other Gram-negative bacteria. The 3-hydroxy group on the 2' or 3' myristate acyl chain of its lipid A is substituted by a unique very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). VLCFAs are transferred to lipid A by an acyltransferase MsbB. In this research, we constructed the msbB deletion mutant, complementary, and overexpression strains of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, and investigated their free-living and symbiotic phenotypes. The findings revealed that deletion of msbB had no impact on the autonomous growth of HH103, yet significantly reduced the resistance of rhizobia to abiotic stresses. The promoter-GUS assays revealed that msbB was mainly expressed at the early stage of nodulation. Quantitative analysis of early infection revealed that the mutation of msbB significantly reduced root hair curling, infection threads, and nodule primordia, suggesting impairment of the symbiotic infection process. The nodulation assay and transmission electron microscopy analysis of nodule ultrastructure showed that msbB deletion led to the formation of ineffective root nodules without colonization of rhizobia, thereby causing a loss of nitrogen fixation capacity. RNA-seq analysis indicated that HH103ΩmsbB inoculation trigger a localized defense response in the soybean root to result in symbiotic deficiencies. Taken together, these results reveal the important role of VLCFAs in soybean rhizobia in the establishment of effective symbiosis and nodule nitrogen fixation.},
}

@article {pmid40832871,
year = {2025},
author = {Fu, J and Liu, Y and Yoshioka, T and Igai, K and Mabuchi, T and Kihara, K and Murakami, T and Lo, N and Ohkuma, M and Hongoh, Y},
title = {Functional division of labor in motility, lignocellulose digestion, and nitrogen metabolism revealed for the Mixotricha paradoxa holobiont.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf178},
pmid = {40832871},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Mixotricha paradoxa is a large, cellulolytic flagellate present in the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. This parabasalid flagellate is unique in its reliance on ectosymbiotic spirochetes for motility. We analyzed the transcriptome of M. paradoxa and the genomes of the ectosymbiotic spirochete Propulsinema mixotrichae ("Treponematales"), the rod-shaped ectosymbiont Synergitannerella mixotrichae (Bacteroidales), and the endosymbiont Endomicrobiellum mixotrichae (Endomicrobiales), all of which are obligately associated with M. paradoxa and were taxonomically described in this study. Mixotricha paradoxa highly expressed genes for diverse glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and likely ferments sugars to H2, CO2, acetate, ethanol, and glycerol. Similar to the case for parasitic parabasalids such as Trichomonas vaginalis, transcripts for biosynthesis of nucleotides and many amino acids were not detected in our analyses of M. paradoxa. Propulsinema mixotrichae possesses genes encoding proteins for the assembly of flagella and for those in pathways associated with chemotaxis and dinitrogen fixation. Such genes are absent in Syn. mixotrichae, which instead possesses numerous genes encoding GH enzymes, which are largely complementary to the GH repertoire of M. paradoxa. Endomicrobiellum mixotrichae appears to provide nucleotides and nine amino acids to its host, which in turn likely supplies three amino acids, including tryptophan, to Endo. mixotrichae. Because bacterial cells, in addition to wood particles, were observed in food vacuoles of M. paradoxa, these ecto- and endosymbionts may be digested by the flagellate host. Overall, the distinct roles of each symbiont highlight the efficient functional division of labor that has evolved in this holobiont.},
}

@article {pmid40832279,
year = {2025},
author = {Selmoni, O and Cleves, PA and Exposito-Alonso, M},
title = {Global coral genomic vulnerability explains recent reef losses.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.03.25.586253},
pmid = {40832279},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The dramatic decline of reef-building corals calls for a better understanding of coral adaptation to ocean warming. Here, we characterized genetic diversity of the widespread genus Acropora by building a genomic database of 595 coral samples from different oceanic regions-from the Great Barrier Reef to the Persian Gulf. Through genome-environment associations, we found that different Acropora species showed parallel evolutionary signals of heat-adaptation in the same genomic regions, pointing to genes associated with molecular heat shock responses and symbiosis. We then projected the present and the predicted future distribution of heat-adapted genotypes across reefs worldwide. Reefs projected with low frequency of heat-adapted genotypes display higher rates of Acropora decline, indicating a potential genomic vulnerability to heat exposure. Our projections also suggest a transition where heat-adapted genotypes will spread at least until 2040. However, this transition will likely involve mass mortality of entire non-adapted populations and a consequent erosion of Acropora genetic diversity. This genetic diversity loss could hinder the capacity of Acropora to adapt to the more extreme heatwaves projected beyond 2040. Genomic vulnerability and genetic diversity loss estimates can be used to reassess which coral reefs are at risk and their conservation.},
}

@article {pmid40830815,
year = {2025},
author = {Monzón-Ramos, A and Pérez-González, S and Pulido-Suárez, L and Díaz-Peña, F and Rodríguez-Pérez, A and Reyes-Betancort, JA and León-Barrios, M},
title = {Efficient but Elusive Rhizobia Fix Nitrogen in the Wild Legumes Bituminaria bituminosa and Coronilla Viminalis.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70095},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.70095},
pmid = {40830815},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This study was financed by the Consejería de Transición Ecológica, Lucha contra el Cambio Climático y Planificación Territorial of the Gobierno de Canarias within the framework of the FEDER Operational Program (2014-2020)./ ; },
abstract = {In ecological restoration of degraded natural habitats, revegetation with wild native plants is a priority. Legumes play a key role in this process through nitrogen (N)-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia, obtaining N for their growth and improving soil fertility, which benefits other nonleguminous plants in the environment. This study explores the rhizobia of two wild legumes, Coronilla viminalis and Bituminaria bituminosa, found in a degraded habitat in Lanzarote (Canary Islands). We found these legumes nodulated by highly efficient N-fixing mesorhizobia harboring the symbiovars canariensis and hedysari in Mesorhizobium species distinct from those originally reported to carry these symbiovars. However, isolating these rhizobia was challenging. Despite the good plant development and the pink color of root nodules indicating effective N-fixation, these rhizobia could not be cultured in most cases. This suggests the presence of unculturable or "fastidious" rhizobia in the nodules, with requirements poorly mimicked in conventional rhizobial media. Additionally, the presence of fast-growing non-rhizobial endophytes in the nodules complicates the isolation of slower-growing rhizobia, which requires special care during the isolation protocol to avoid endophytes and extend incubation times. The difficulty of cultivating the rhizobia of these two wild legumes suggests that their diversity may be greater than described here.},
}

@article {pmid40830270,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Q and Guo, B and Lu, M and Liu, Y and Kardol, P and Reich, PB and Bardgett, RD and Cornelissen, JHC and Kraft, NJB and Díaz, S and Wright, IJ and He, N and Hogan, JA and Pei, Y and Han, Q and Li, Z and Wang, Z and Yang, W and Ding, J and Yang, Z and Wu, H and Carmona, CP and Valverde-Barrantes, OJ and Li, D and Cai, J and Zeng, H and Zhang, Y and Ren, W and Zhao, Y and Yang, X and Fan, G and Wang, J and Li, G and Kong, D},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal association regulates global root-seed coordination.},
journal = {Nature plants},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40830270},
issn = {2055-0278},
abstract = {Terrestrial plants exhibit immense variation in their form and function among species. Coordination between resource acquisition by roots and reproduction through seeds could promote the fitness of plant populations. How root and seed traits covary has remained unclear until our analysis of the largest-ever compiled joint global dataset of root traits and seed mass. Here we demonstrate that seed mass and seed phosphorus mass scale positively with root diameter in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, depending on variation in root cortical thickness instead of root vessel size. These findings suggest a dual role of AM association in phosphorus uptake and pathogen resistance which drives the global root-seed coordination, instead of initially expected resource transport via root vessels as the main driver. In contrast, we found no relationship between root traits and seed mass in ectomycorrhizal plants. Overall, our study reveals coordination between roots and seeds in AM plants, which is probably regulated by root-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and may be crucial in shaping global plant diversity and species distributions.},
}

@article {pmid40829788,
year = {2025},
author = {Hadfield, MG and Freckelton, M and Nedved, BT},
title = {Marine Bacterial Biofilms: Shaping Surface Communities.},
journal = {Annual review of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-micro-051524-024455},
pmid = {40829788},
issn = {1545-3251},
abstract = {The assembly of marine benthic communities has become a focal point in marine ecology. We address how the bottom layers of benthic communities (i.e., the microbes inhabiting the basal biofilm) influence the complex accumulation of eukaryotes that grow on top of them. Specifically, we discuss (a) what organisms make up benthic biofilms, what brings about their attachment to surfaces, and how they vary in space and time; (b) what eukaryotic organisms are in marine benthic communities, how they vary in space and time, and the nature of microbial cues that bring about their recruitment to particular benthic sites; (c) the roles of bacterial-animal symbiosis in the composition of benthic communities; (d) what is happening to biofilms and their roles as habitat engineers in the rapidly changing world; and (e) how the geological history of bacteria and microbial mats on the ocean floor powerfully influenced the evolution of larval-bacterial interactions.},
}

@article {pmid40829558,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, WC and Spang, A},
title = {DPANN archaea.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {35},
number = {16},
pages = {R791-R794},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.038},
pmid = {40829558},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {*Archaea/genetics/physiology/classification/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; *Genome, Archaeal ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Archaea are one of the two primary domains of life alongside Bacteria. Extant archaea play an important role in global nutrient cycles and comprise members that were crucial for the evolution of life on Earth including the origin of eukaryotic cells through a symbiotic integration of an archaeal and bacterial partner. Despite their importance in ecology and evolution, our knowledge of archaeal diversity and function remains limited in part because it has proven challenging to cultivate archaea in the laboratory. Over the last two decades, the use of novel cultivation-independent approaches such as metagenomics has not only led to the discovery of a vast diversity of previously unknown archaeal lineages but also provided a window into their genomic content, allowing researchers to make predictions about metabolic functions and lifestyles. For example, by combining genomics approaches with phylogenetic analyses (that is, the reconstruction of species trees) researchers have uncovered several phylum-level lineages of putative genome-reduced archaea referred to as the 'DPANN' archaea, whose members were shown to have limited metabolic capabilities, indicating their dependency on symbiotic partners. These findings are consistent with observations from cultivation-based studies that have succeeded in enriching some of these small-cell symbionts in co-cultures with their hosts. Although they were initially discovered in extreme environments, DPANN archaea have now been shown to be widespread across a variety of environments and may thus play an important role in not only host evolution but also ecology. Herein, we aim to highlight DPANN archaea by providing an overview of their diversity, genomic and metabolic features, unique cell biology and interactions, and evolutionary origins. We also underscore several fascinating topics that remain underexplored.},
}

*Archaea/genetics/physiology/classification/metabolism
*Symbiosis
Phylogeny
*Genome, Archaeal
Biological Evolution

@article {pmid40829389,
year = {2025},
author = {Qin, T and Yang, Z and Dou, Y and Wang, J and Wang, L and Tang, L and Wu, Z and Qiu, R},
title = {Effects of artificial humic acid on rhizosphere ecology and microbial regulation in a ryegrass-Bacillus cereus symbiotic system for remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {497},
number = {},
pages = {139566},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139566},
pmid = {40829389},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Pollution by heavy metals, particularly hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), has become a significant environmental threat. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of artificial humic acid (A-HA) and Bacillus cereus Q-0 on Cr(VI) remediation in a ryegrass-soil system. A-HA was synthesized, and B. cereus Q-0 was labeled with gfp to enable tracking of its colonization in the soil-plant environment. The results showed that compared with the control group, combined treatment with A-HA and B. cereus Q-0-gfp significantly improved Cr(VI) reduction efficiency, decreasing soil Cr(VI) content from 69.8 mg kg[-1] to 17.07 mg kg[-1]. Simultaneously, the total Cr content in plants increased by 37.2 %, indicating enhanced hyperaccumulation capacity in ryegrass. A-HA promoted the enrichment of functional microbial communities associated with heavy metal resistance, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, reflecting an optimized soil microbial structure. In terms of plant growth, the combined treatment increased ryegrass biomass by up to 790.3 %, root length by 310.0 %, soil organic matter content by 650.12 %, and soil enzyme activity. Additionally, A-HA significantly enhanced the colonization ability of B. cereus Q-0 in both the rhizosphere and endophytic compartments of plants. This study highlights the unique potential of combining A-HA and B. cereus for effective and eco-friendly Cr(VI) remediation, offering a novel strategy to enhance phytoremediation efficiency in contaminated soils.},
}

@article {pmid40829280,
year = {2025},
author = {Papadopoulos, C and Roshanfekrrad, M and Tsikou, D and Papadopoulou, KK and Calonne-Salmon, M and Declerck, S and Karpouzas, DG},
title = {Developing a toolbox of Tier I tests to assess pesticides toxicity on the asymbiotic and symbiotic phases of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {118892},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118892},
pmid = {40829280},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Soil microorganisms are a key protection goal in the European Union (EU) pesticide regulatory framework. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were identified as good proxies for assessing pesticides toxicity on the soil microbiota. This could involve ecotoxicity testing at the different life stages of AMF. We evaluated the effects of five pesticides (pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, hymexazol, etridiazole, glyphosate) and a transformation product (AMPA), with distinct mode of action, on the development and functionality of Rhizophagus irregularis at the asymbiotic and symbiotic phase using a spore germination assay and a gnotobiotic AMF-host plant system (AMF-sandwich test), respectively. Based on arbuscular colonization in the AMF-sandwich test, fludioxonil was the most toxic (EC50 0.085 mg/L) followed by glyphosate (EC50 2.58 mg/L) and pyraclostrobin (EC50 9.22 mg/L), while etridiazole, hymexazol, and AMPA showed EC50 values higher than the highest tested concentration. However, for glyphosate and pyraclostrobin negative effects on symbiosis functioning were observed at lower concentrations than for colonization, as depicted by the expression of plant marker genes and/or P-uptake, suggesting the establishment of non-functional arbuscular symbiosis. The high toxicity of fludioxonil (EC50 0.03 mg/L) and the low toxicity of AMPA (EC50 > 432 mg/L) on R. irregularis was verified also for the asymbiotic phase via spore germination assay. Comparative tests showed differences in the toxicity of pure active substances and commercial formulations of fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin on the AMF-sandwich test. We propose that the AMF-sandwich system together with the spore germination test could be used as a toolbox for Tier-I assessment of pesticides toxicity on AMF.},
}

@article {pmid40829219,
year = {2025},
author = {Jing, J and Wang, T and Guo, X and Huang, P and Li, C and Qu, Y},
title = {Continuous exogenous bioaugmented remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: Ecological effects, microbial communities, and mechanisms.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {127007},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127007},
pmid = {40829219},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The exogenous bioaugmentation technique is a widely employed strategy for remediating petroleum-contaminated soil. However, sustaining exogenous functional bacteria over extended periods in complex petroleum-contaminated environments is challenging, leading to reduced efficacy, and the interaction mechanisms with indigenous microorganisms remain poorly understood. This study utilized the previously developed petroleum-degrading bacterial agent ECT in a continuous bioaugmentation (C-Bio) approach for soil remediation. The outcomes were compared with those from a disposable bioaugmentation (D-Bio) and a control group (CG). After a 200-day remediation period, the C-Bio approach achieved a simulated petroleum degradation rate of 99.42 %. Concurrently, assessments of soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and plant growth demonstrated that C-Bio resulted in favorable ecological restoration. Metagenomic analysis confirmed the successful colonization of the three exogenous bacteria in the C-Bio system. Network analysis revealed that this approach facilitated the directional succession of soil microbial communities, with the newly dominant indigenous bacteria forming cooperative or symbiotic relationships with the exogenous strains. Together, they synergistically degrade alkanes via terminal oxidation pathways and aromatic hydrocarbons through salicylic acid and phthalic acid pathways, leading to effective remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence supporting the development of continuous bioaugmentation processes for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils.},
}

@article {pmid40828971,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, J},
title = {Metabolic Detour, Symbiotic Delay: Insights from Sinorhizobium meliloti Suppressor Mutants.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {490},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-07-25-0078-CM},
pmid = {40828971},
issn = {0894-0282},
}

@article {pmid40828281,
year = {2025},
author = {Enciso Garcia, JS and Chignola, M and Ragionieri, L and Rey, F and Fluch, M and Borruso, L and Corretto, E and Schuler, H},
title = {High-Throughput Amplicon Sequencing for Analyzing Microbial Communities of Insects.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2935},
number = {},
pages = {237-258},
pmid = {40828281},
issn = {1940-6029},
abstract = {Insects represent more than 80% of all described species on the planet. This diversity is a result of millions of years of evolution, during which insects have colonized nearly every habitat. Their success is partly due to their ability to form symbiotic relationships with a wide variety of other organisms, especially microorganisms. Identifying and characterizing associated microorganisms are crucial to understanding the complexity and dynamics of these symbiotic relationships. To date, advancements in sequencing technologies that provide large sequence data sets have become ideal tools for characterizing insect microbiomes, including information about non-cultivable microorganisms commonly found in insects. Despite the growing number of studies focused on insect microbiome characterization, there are few protocols detailing methodological procedures for fieldwork, DNA extraction, and data processing. Here, we present an overview of the characterization of insect-associated bacterial communities. We cover best practices for data interpretation and visualization, including alpha and beta diversity analyses, community composition profiling, and statistical testing to identify microbial associations of insects.},
}

@article {pmid40827673,
year = {2025},
author = {Ninzatti, L and Sana, TG and Acar, T and Moreau, S and Jardinaud, MF and Marti, G and Coen, O and Carlier, AL},
title = {Artificial symbiont replacement in a vertically transmitted plant symbiosis reveals a role for microbe-microbe interactions in enforcing specificity.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wraf177},
pmid = {40827673},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Some plants engage in permanent, vertically transmitted symbioses with bacteria. Often, these bacteria are hosted extracellularly within structures on the leaves, where they produce specialized bioactive metabolites that benefit their host. These associations are highly specific, with one plant species associating with a single bacterial species, but little is known about how these symbioses originate and how specificity is maintained. In this study, we show that the symbiotic association between a wild yam and a bacterium can be manipulated experimentally, and that bacteria-free plants are open to colonization by environmental bacteria. Through metabolic profiling, we show that the endophytic niche is rich in organic acids and intermediates of the TCA cycle. Environmental bacteria capable of utilizing these acids, such as the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, readily colonize aposymbiotic plants. However, successful colonization is contingent upon the absence of the vertically transmitted symbiont or the impairment of its type VI secretion system. Unexpectedly for a vertically transmitted symbiosis, these findings suggest that microbe-microbe interactions, including antagonism, may play a crucial role in maintaining the specificity of an association. However, low transmission rates of synthetic symbionts provide evidence that transmission barriers or bottlenecks may still occur, further enforcing partner fidelity. Together, these results highlight the complexity of mechanisms underlying mutualistic associations, and provide insights into the evolution of bacterial leaf symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid40826837,
year = {2025},
author = {Hill, RA and Plett, KL and Wong-Bajracharya, JW and Wang, M and Lipzen, A and Ng, V and Grigoriev, IV and Martin, F and Anderson, IC and Jeffries, TC and Plett, JM},
title = {Eucalyptus grandis MYB-Like and RAN-Like Zinc Finger Proteins Display Dual Roles in Regulating Plant Immunity and Symbiosis Pathways.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {177},
number = {4},
pages = {e70454},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70454},
pmid = {40826837},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {ANR-11- LABX-0002-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; DP160102684//Australian Research Council/ ; DP220103325//Australian Research Council/ ; CSP1953//U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute/ ; DE-AC02-05CH11231//Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy/ ; },
abstract = {Plant roots live in constant contact with diverse microbes in the soil. Plant fitness, therefore, relies on signaling pathways that mount an effective immune response against pathogens while fostering mutualistic symbioses. Plant pathways, and specifically immune genes that may act as "switches," discriminating between pathogenic or mutualistic fungi, remain largely unknown. Using Eucalyptus grandis as a model system, we investigate alterations to the root transcriptomic landscape during pre-symbiosis with either the pathogen Armillaria luteobubalina or the mutualistic fungus Pisolithus microcarpus. Comparative analyses identified three strongly counter-regulated genes that may act as immune switches to accommodate or to repress fungal colonization. We characterized two of these, a MYB-like and RAN-like zinc finger protein, using a transgenic approach and demonstrated that they have bifunctional roles in the regulation of cell death and a hypersensitive-like response, depending on the lifestyle of the associated fungus. Using co-expression network analysis, we identified hypothetical pathways correlated to these genes. We functionally validated these predictions using plants with transgenic roots with increased or decreased transcription of these genes, thereby showing the power of co-expression networks as an a priori approach to identify key immune response pathways in plants. Overall, our results demonstrate that prior to physical contact with microbes, MYB-like and RAN-like zinc finger proteins are key regulators of plant immune signaling that respond to fungal signals and enable or repress symbiotic establishment.},
}

@article {pmid40825678,
year = {2025},
author = {Nam, Y and Lee, J and Kim, SR and Kim, JN},
title = {Isolation and Purification of Antibacterial Compound from Kombucha of SCOBY.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {35},
number = {},
pages = {e2504012},
doi = {10.4014/jmb.2504.04012},
pmid = {40825678},
issn = {1738-8872},
abstract = {The misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), emphasizing the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Kombucha, a fermented beverage containing a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), has gained attention for its antibacterial activity and potential health benefits. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of kombucha and SCOBY, isolating and characterizing the active compounds responsible for these effects. Both kombucha broth and dried SCOBY effectively inhibited Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, with dried SCOBY demonstrating stronger activity. Instrumental analyses identified 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as the primary antibacterial compound in the SCOBY extracts. HMF significantly inhibited L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, with its antibacterial inhibition surpassing that of chloramphenicol in these two bacterial species. Previous studies have shown that, in addition to its antibacterial effects, HMF has potential applications in the production of polymers and pharmaceuticals, and as a fuel additive, suggesting its potential in the chemical and biofuel industries. This study highlights the antibacterial activity of HMF and underscores the need for further research to evaluate its safety and applicability in various fields.},
}

@article {pmid40810324,
year = {2025},
author = {Aniski, BF},
title = {School Nursing and SchoolYard Gardening: A Tale of Mutual Symbiosis.},
journal = {NASN school nurse (Print)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1942602X251360002},
doi = {10.1177/1942602X251360002},
pmid = {40810324},
issn = {1942-6038},
abstract = {Working within NASN's School Nursing Practice Framework, this author proposes schoolyard gardening as an action oriented approach found in the "Leadership" principle of the Framework. Leadership references "activities related to the mind-set of leadership, not a position." The author suggests that schoolyard gardening is an emerging topic with student health being the desired outcome, as well as, proposing a schoolyard garden is needed in every school. A basic overview of School Nurse Certification in New Jersey is shared along with a 15 year outline of an award-winning schoolyard garden and how a schoolyard garden relates to wellness and teaching health within the New Jersey Student Learning Standards.},
}

@article {pmid40803112,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, S and Guo, R and Wang, Y and Yan, Y and Chu, Q and Cui, N and Zhang, Y and Zhang, L and Jiang, L and Shi, L and Guo, J and Gao, Y and Xing, F and Zhang, T},
title = {Nitrogen and phosphorus addition affected soil organic carbon storage and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contributions.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {126904},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126904},
pmid = {40803112},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Substantial quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released by human activities, enter terrestrial ecosystems, thereby affecting the carbon cycling within these ecosystems. Previous studies found that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could affect soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, the impacts of AMF on SOC under nutrients enrichment have yet to be well understood. Here, we conducted an 8-year field experiment involving N and P addition, and a[13]C labeled microcosm experiment labeled with AMF inoculation, to explore how SOC respond to nutrients enrichment, as well as AMF-induced changes in SOC. N addition increased particulate organic carbon (POC) content by 5.03 % by promoting plant primary productivity. Phosphorus (P) addition reduced the mineral-bound organic carbon (MAOC) by 16.0 % by facilitating the microbial degradation process. Correlation analysis showed that AMF intraradical infection intensity (IRII) was positively correlated with both nitrate nitrogen (NO3[-]-N) and MAOC, but negatively correlated with available phosphorus (AP) and total phosphorus (TP). This result suggested that nutrients enrichment potentially modulate MAOC accumulation via affecting AMF-plant symbiosis. Furthermore, Structural equation modeling (SEM) results also showed that AMF are crucial in regulating plant and soil microbial contributions to SOC. [13]C stable isotope labelling experiment results further showed that AMF inoculation increased the [13]C content in the soil by 4.75 % and simultaneously increased plant N uptake by 6.32 %. Therefore, we speculated that AMF could promote the accumulation of SOC by facilitating the exchange of carbon and nitrogen between plants and soil. These findings suggest that global nutrient eutrophication could significantly affect the stability of SOC, highlighting the critical role of AMF in mediating the responses of SOC stability to environmental changes.},
}

@article {pmid40792181,
year = {2025},
author = {You, YH and Bae, HJ and Park, JM and Ku, YB and Nam, GH and Kwak, TW and Bang, YJ and Jeong, TY and Hong, JW},
title = {Fungal and Bacterial Community Dynamics in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Diabelia spathulata in Relation to Soil Properties.},
journal = {Mycobiology},
volume = {53},
number = {5},
pages = {605-619},
pmid = {40792181},
issn = {1229-8093},
abstract = {Diabelia spathulata, a rare deciduous shrub native to East Asia, is critically endangered in Korea, yet little is known about its interactions with soil fungal communities. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of fungal and bacterial communities in the rhizoplane (RP), rhizosphere (RS), and surrounding soil (SS) of D. spathulata in its natural habitat on Mt. Cheonseong, South Korea. High-throughput sequencing of the ITS and 16S rRNA gene regions revealed distinct microbial assemblages across soil compartments. Fungal taxa such as Russula, Trechispora, and Capronia were enriched in RP and RS, highlighting their potential roles in nutrient cycling, organic matter (OM) decomposition, and symbiosis. In contrast, the SS exhibited greater fungal richness but lower specialization. Among bacteria, root-associated compartments were enriched with plant-beneficial genera such as Bacillus and Bradyrhizobium, while bulk soil hosted more generalist taxa. Soil physicochemical analyses showed higher OM and total nitrogen in RS compared to SS, indicating root-driven enrichment. Correlation and network analyses identified strong links between specific fungal and bacterial taxa and key soil properties including pH, OM, and cation exchange capacity. These results suggest that D. spathulata modulates its RS microbiome to enhance nutrient availability and stress tolerance. This study highlights the ecological significance of fungal communities in root-associated microhabitats and provides foundational knowledge for incorporating soil microbiota into conservation and habitat restoration efforts for endangered plant species.},
}

@article {pmid40749791,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, M and Zhao, G and Li, MM},
title = {Regulatory mechanisms of quorum sensing in microbial communities and their potential applications in ruminant livestock production.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.055},
pmid = {40749791},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system that enables microbial communities to dynamically regulate their metabolism and physiological activities according to the surrounding cell density. The rumen's diverse microbial ecosystem represents a classic example of host-microbiome symbiosis. Despite significant progress in understanding the composition and function of ruminal microbial communities, the underlying communication mechanisms in the rumen ecosystem remain largely enigmatic. Gaining insight into these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing knowledge-based strategies to improve animal productivity, health, and sustainability in ruminant livestock production.

AIM OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide an overview of microbial QS communication systems mediated by diverse signaling molecules, including bacterial intraspecies and interspecies QS, fungal QS, and archaeal QS. We conducted a structured review by searching multiple scientific databases, synthesizing data from relevant studies, and critically evaluating the roles of QS systems in microbial communities. This approach ensures a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of QS mechanisms and their implications for ruminant livestock. Specifically, we elucidate the identification and potential mechanisms of the QS system facilitated by three prevalent signaling molecules (N-acyl homoserine lactones, autoinducing peptides, and autoinducer 2) in ruminants. Recent advances in understanding the effects of QS on microbial fermentation, immune function, biofilm formation, and virulence factor production are summarized in detail, providing a scientific basis for applying QS in ruminant livestock production.

The rumen harbors various QS signaling molecules that modulate microbial community dynamics, impacting composition, structure, and function. The versatility of QS allows it to regulate ruminal fermentation and inhibit pathogen growth, thereby improving productivity and reducing disease risk in ruminants. This review synthesizes recent advances in QS mechanisms, crucial for disease prevention, combating antibiotic resistance, and promoting sustainable livestock production. Future research should investigate QS pathways and networks in the rumen microbiome through in vivo experiments and multi-omics analyses to gain a deeper understanding of microbial community regulation.},
}

@article {pmid40695816,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, X and Wang, Q and Sun, T and Gao, H and Gu, R and Yang, J and Zhou, J and Fu, P and Wen, H and Yang, G},
title = {Structural basis for the activity regulation of Medicago calcium channel CNGC15.},
journal = {Cell discovery},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40695816},
issn = {2056-5968},
support = {32422038//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) in plants mediate Ca[2+] influx in response to environmental changes. Among numerous plant CNGCs, Medicago truncatula CNGC15a/b/c (MtCNGC15) is localized to the nuclear envelope. The opening and closing cycle of MtCNGC15 is tightly associated with the Ca[2+] oscillation in symbiosis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MtCNGC15 activity regulation remains unclear. In this study, we present the structures of MtCNGC15 in its apo form and in the presence of CaM. The apo MtCNGC15b exhibits a flexible cytoplasmic domain (CPD), whereas binding of the MtCaM inhibits Ca[2+] currents and stabilizes the highly dynamic CPD. Furthermore, the activity of MtCNGC15b seems to be independent of cGMP. The hypothetical binding pocket for cGMP is occupied by an arginine residue. These findings elucidate the structural basis for the activity regulation of nuclear localized MtCNGC15.},
}

@article {pmid40691349,
year = {2025},
author = {Nobu, MK},
title = {A model 'organism' split to uncover microbial symbiosis.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {548},
pmid = {40691349},
issn = {1740-1534},
}

@article {pmid40559014,
year = {2025},
author = {Jia, J and Liang, M and Zhao, Z and Huang, W and Feng, Q and Lin, Z and Ji, X},
title = {Effects of Periodic Short-Term Heat Stress on Biological Characteristics and Gut Bacteria of Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40559014},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {FW20230002//This work was supported by the technical innovation project of the provincial scientific research institute of the Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China/ ; },
abstract = {In this study, the migratory agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda was exposed to three periodic short-term heat stress regimes at 37 °C, 40 °C, and 43 °C (2 h daily), with a constant 26 °C control. We systematically evaluated the effects of periodic thermal stress on developmental traits across all life stages. Combined with 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the structural and functional characteristics of the gut bacterial community in adults under heat stress. The results demonstrated that 37 °C exposure accelerated egg-to-adult development, whereas 43 °C markedly extended it. Additionally, 43 °C heat stress suppressed pupation and eclosion rates. Increasing stress temperatures were negatively correlated with pupal weight and body size in both sexes. Notably, 43 °C heat stress caused complete loss of hatching ability in offspring eggs, thereby rendering population reproduction unattainable. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria (>90%) dominated the gut bacterial community at the phylum level across all treatments. Under 43 °C heat stress, although female and male adults exhibited an increase in specific bacterial species within their gut bacteria, Alpha diversity analysis revealed no significant differences in the diversity (Shannon index) and richness (Chao index) of gut bacterial communities between sexes under temperature treatments. PICRUSt2 functional prediction indicated that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments constituted the dominant functions of gut bacteria in both sexes, while heat stress exerted minimal effects on the functional profiles of gut bacteria in S. frugiperda. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for predicting summer population dynamics and formulating ecological control strategies for S. frugiperda but also offer critical insights into the adaptive interactions between this pest and its gut bacterial community under heat stress. The results lay a foundation for further exploring the interactions between insect environmental adaptability and bacterial symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid40456416,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, X and Zhou, Y and Feng, X and Wang, Y and Zhang, H},
title = {Potassium uptake function of LbKT1 and LbSKOR from Lycium barbarum and their influence on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology},
volume = {359},
number = {},
pages = {112587},
doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112587},
pmid = {40456416},
issn = {1873-2259},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Potassium/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Lycium/metabolism/genetics/microbiology/physiology ; Nicotiana/microbiology/metabolism/genetics/growth & development ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology ; *Potassium Channels/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Potassium participates in a variety of plant physiological processes and has great impact on plant growth and stress adaptation. The absorption of potassium by Plant is mediated by potassium channels and transporters, and the Shaker potassium channel gene family plays an important role in potassium uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form ubiquitous symbioses with plants and increase plants' potassium uptake. However, few studies have focused on the interaction of plant potassium channels from the Shaker gene family with AM fungi. In this study, the potassium uptake function of LbKT1 and LbSKOR (homologs of AKT1 and SKOR in Arabidopsis) from the Shaker gene family in Lycium barbarum was verified by the complementary assay using a yeast potassium uptake mutant. LbKT1 and LbSKOR were also overexpressed in tobacco to assess their influence on AM fungi under low and normal potassium conditions in a pot experiment. LbKT1 could rescue the phenotype of the yeast mutant, while LbSKOR could not. Overexpression of LbKT1 increased tobacco plant growth and potassium uptake and promoted the colonization of AM fungi. Meanwhile, overexpression of LbSKOR promoted potassium translocation from root to shoot and showed no obvious influence on the colonization of AM fungi. Our results suggested that the AM fungi could promote tobacco growth and potassium uptake, while the plant potassium status and the AM fungal colonization may form positive feedback in promoting tobacco potassium uptake and growth.},
}

*Mycorrhizae/physiology
*Potassium/metabolism
*Symbiosis
*Lycium/metabolism/genetics/microbiology/physiology
Nicotiana/microbiology/metabolism/genetics/growth & development
*Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Plant Roots/metabolism/microbiology
*Potassium Channels/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid40080223,
year = {2025},
author = {Dondero, L and De Negri Atanasio, G and Tardanico, F and Lertora, E and Boggia, R and Capra, V and Cometto, A and Costamagna, M and Fi L S E, and Feletti, M and Garibaldi, F and Grasso, F and Jenssen, M and Lanteri, L and Lian, K and Monti, M and Perucca, M and Pinto, C and Poncini, I and Robino, F and Rombi, JV and Ahsan, SS and Shirmohammadi, N and Tiso, M and Turrini, F and Zaccone, M and Zanotti-Russo, M and Demori, I and Ferrari, PF and Grasselli, E},
title = {Unlocking the Potential of Marine Sidestreams in the Blue Economy: Lessons Learned from the EcoeFISHent Project on Fish Collagen.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40080223},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {EcoeFISHent-101036428//European Commission/ ; Research for Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON) Ricerca e Innovazione, FSE REACT-EU: D31B21008650007//Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Collagen/chemistry/biosynthesis ; *Fishes/metabolism ; Fisheries/economics ; Aquaculture/economics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {This review provides a general overview of collagen structure, biosynthesis, and biological properties, with a particular focus on marine collagen sources, especially fisheries discards and by-catches. Additionally, well-documented applications of collagen are presented, with special emphasis not only on its final use but also on the processes enabling sustainable and safe recovery from materials that would otherwise go to waste. Particular attention is given to the extraction process, highlighting key aspects essential for the industrialization of fish sidestreams, such as hygiene standards, adherence to good manufacturing practices, and ensuring minimal environmental impact. In this context, the EcoeFISHent projects have provided valuable insights, aiming to create replicable, systemic, and sustainable territorial clusters based on a multi-circular economy and industrial symbiosis. The main goal of this project is to increase the monetary income of certain categories, such as fishery and aquaculture activities, through the valorization of underutilized biomass.},
}

Animals
*Collagen/chemistry/biosynthesis
*Fishes/metabolism
Fisheries/economics
Aquaculture/economics
Conservation of Natural Resources

@article {pmid39574446,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Sappah, AH and Li, J and Yan, K and Zhu, C and Huang, Q and Zhu, Y and Chen, Y and El-Tarabily, KA and AbuQamar, SF},
title = {Fibrillin gene family and its role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1453974},
pmid = {39574446},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Fibrillins (FBNs), highly conserved plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAPs), play a crucial role in plant physiology. These proteins, encoded by nuclear genes, are prevalent in the plastoglobules (PGs) of chloroplasts. FBNs are indispensable for maintaining plastid stability, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing stress responses. The conserved PAP domain of FBNs was found across a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, from plants and cyanobacteria. FBN families are classified into 12 distinct groups/clades, with the 12th group uniquely present in algal-fungal symbiosis. This mini review delves into the structural attributes, phylogenetic classification, genomic features, protein-protein interactions, and functional roles of FBNs in plants, with a special focus on their effectiveness in mitigating abiotic stresses, particularly drought stress.},
}

@article {pmid38150088,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, XM and Fan, L and Meng, CC and Wang, YJ and Deng, LE and Yuan, Z and Zhang, JP and Li, YY and Lv, SC},
title = {Gut microbiota influence frailty syndrome in older adults: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.},
journal = {Biogerontology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {107-129},
pmid = {38150088},
issn = {1573-6768},
support = {National Traditional Chinese Medicine People's Education Letter[2021] No. 203//the QI HUANG Scholars (Junping Zhang) Special Funding/ ; Jin Wei Zhong[2020]No.732//the Tianjin Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (Junping Zhang) Inheritance Studio Special Funding/ ; No. CACM-2018-QNRC2-B04//the Young Talent Lifting Project of China Association of Chinese Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Frailty/therapy ; Frail Elderly ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Prebiotics ; },
abstract = {Frailty syndrome denotes a decreased capacity of the body to maintain the homeostasis and stress of the internal environment, which simultaneously increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults, including disability, hospitalization, falls, and death. To promote healthy aging, we should find strategies to cope with frailty. However, the pathogenesis of frailty syndrome is not yet clear. Recent studies have shown that the diversity, composition, and metabolites of gut microbiota significantly changed in older adults with frailty. In addition, several frailty symptoms were alleviated by adjusting gut microbiota with prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiosis. Therefore, we attempt to explore the pathogenesis of frailty syndrome in older people from gut microbiota and summarize the existing interventions for frailty syndrome targeting gut microbiota, with the aim of providing timely and necessary interventions and assistance for older adults with frailty.},
}

Humans
Aged
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Frailty/therapy
Frail Elderly
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
Prebiotics

@article {pmid23291051,
year = {2013},
author = {Edge, SE and Shearer, TL and Morgan, MB and Snell, TW},
title = {Sub-lethal coral stress: detecting molecular responses of coral populations to environmental conditions over space and time.},
journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {128-129},
number = {},
pages = {135-146},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.014},
pmid = {23291051},
issn = {1879-1514},
mesh = {Alveolata/physiology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Anthozoa/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Stress, Physiological ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {In order for sessile organisms to survive environmental fluctuations and exposures to pollutants, molecular mechanisms (i.e. stress responses) are elicited. Previously, detrimental effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on coral health could not be ascertained until significant physiological responses resulted in visible signs of stress (e.g. tissue necrosis, bleaching). In this study, a focused anthozoan holobiont microarray was used to detect early and sub-lethal effects of spatial and temporal environmental changes on gene expression patterns in the scleractinian coral, Montastraea cavernosa, on south Florida reefs. Although all colonies appeared healthy (i.e. no visible tissue necrosis or bleaching), corals were differentially physiologically compensating for exposure to stressors that varied over time. Corals near the Port of Miami inlet experienced significant changes in expression of stress responsive and symbiont (zooxanthella)-specific genes after periods of heavy precipitation. In contrast, coral populations did not demonstrate stress responses during periods of increased water temperature (up to 29°C). Specific acute and long-term localized responses to other stressors were also evident. A correlation between stress response genes and symbiont-specific genes was also observed, possibly indicating early processes involved in the maintenance or disruption of the coral-zooxanthella symbiosis. This is the first study to reveal spatially- and temporally-related variation in gene expression in response to different stressors of in situ coral populations, and demonstrates that microarray technology can be used to detect specific sub-lethal physiological responses to specific environmental conditions that are not visually detectable.},
}

Alveolata/physiology
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Anthozoa/*genetics/*metabolism
*Ecosystem
Environmental Monitoring
Gene Expression Profiling
*Gene Expression Regulation
*Stress, Physiological
Time Factors

@article {pmid13483498,
year = {1957},
author = {NETTESHEIM, F and PILLAR, W},
title = {Nil nocere!: tuberculostatics & appendicitis; a contribution on interference with intestinal symbiosis.},
journal = {Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950)},
volume = {99},
number = {38},
pages = {1366-1367},
pmid = {13483498},
issn = {0027-2973},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; *Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; Appendicitis/*etiology ; *Aviation ; *Dermatologic Agents ; Humans ; *Intestines ; *Symbiosis ; Tuberculosis/*therapy ; },
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects
*Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Appendicitis/*etiology
*Aviation
*Dermatologic Agents
Humans
*Intestines
*Symbiosis
Tuberculosis/*therapy

@article {pmid40824823,
year = {2025},
author = {Sunal, E and Castro-Rodriguez, V and Sadoine, M},
title = {Fluorophore-based Genetically Encoded Biosensors for Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging in Microbes.},
journal = {Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE},
volume = {},
number = {222},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3791/68339},
pmid = {40824823},
issn = {1940-087X},
abstract = {Investigating small-molecule dynamics within microbes is essential for comprehensive studies of microbial function. Both intra-organism and inter-organism small molecule dynamics play critical roles in microbial physiology, symbiosis, and disease. However, monitoring these dynamics remains highly challenging using most existing techniques. Fluorophore-based genetically encoded biosensors are powerful tools for tracking small-molecule dynamics in vivo and hold high potential for driving new discoveries. These biosensors are most commonly used in fluorescence imaging, often in combination with perfusion devices that allow precise control over environmental conditions. When integrated with advanced imaging techniques, this approach provides high-resolution, spatially and temporally resolved data, enabling insights into single-cell microbial responses. Despite their promise, implementing such biosensors remains technically challenging. Understanding the key steps is crucial for broader adoption. Here, we present a protocol designed to support the effective deployment of newly engineered biosensors into microbes for quantitative ratiometric fluorescence imaging under controlled conditions.},
}

@article {pmid40824068,
year = {2025},
author = {Sather, LM and Fazeli, N and Kearsley, JVS and Jones, K and Finan, TM},
title = {Unexpected modulation of Hna phage defense activity by the symbiotic regulator NolR.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0018225},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00182-25},
pmid = {40824068},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {The Hna phage defense system is one of many systems that protect bacteria against bacterial viruses (phages). Hna was first discovered in the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, which forms root nodules on leguminous plants. We report that the efficacy of the Hna system depends on NolR, a transcriptional regulator known to regulate expression of nodulation genes. Strains carrying a mutant nolR gene (e.g., the widely used laboratory strain Rm1021) display dramatically reduced Hna-mediated phage resistance compared to those with the wild-type nolR gene. hna expression is approximately doubled in nolR[+] (wild-type) compared to nolR[-] strains. Integration of a second copy of hna increased phage resistance in a nolR[-] strain >1,000-fold, indicating that a moderate hna expression difference is sufficient to affect the Hna phage resistance phenotype. NolR does not appear to directly regulate hna,as there is no predicted NolR binding site upstream of hna, and purified NolR protein does not bind to the hna upstream sequence. Other genes whose transcription is regulated by NolR were identified through RNA-seq experiments. These include the lipopolysaccharide sulfotransferase gene lpsS, which is located downstream of a NolR binding site. This work illustrates how modest differences in expression between strains can dramatically alter the protective phenotype of a defense system.IMPORTANCEThe ability of a bacterial culture to survive phage infection is significant in both medical (phage therapy) and industrial (e.g., cheese production) contexts. This study describes a factor that influences the efficacy of a recently discovered phage defense system (Hna) in the agriculturally relevant soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. Like other phage defense systems, Hna systems undergo extensive horizontal transfer and must be able to maintain functionality across different genetic backgrounds. Our work demonstrates that host factor differences can significantly impact the performance of phage defense systems.},
}

@article {pmid40823834,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarasa-Buisán, C and Nieves-Morión, M and Lindblad, P and Nierzwicki-Bauer, S and Schluepmann, H and Flores, E},
title = {Intercellular communication in the fern endosymbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc azollae.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0118725},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01187-25},
pmid = {40823834},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {The water fern Azolla spp. harbors as an endobiont the N2-fixing, filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Nostoc azollae. N. azollae provides the fern with fixed nitrogen permitting its growth in nitrogen-poor environments. In the diazotrophic filaments of heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria, intercellular molecular exchange occurs in which heterocysts provide vegetative cells with fixed nitrogen and vegetative cells provide heterocysts with reduced carbon. Intercellular molecular exchange takes place by diffusion through septal junctions and can be probed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis with fluorescent markers such as calcein and 5-carboxyfluorescein. The septal junctions traverse the septal peptidoglycan (PG) through nanopores that can be visualized in isolated septal PG disks by electron microscopy. Here, we obtained from Azolla plants material containing the symbiotic cyanobacterium in a viable state and with different morphologies, including heterocyst-containing filaments. FRAP analysis showed effective transfer of the fluorescent markers between vegetative cells, as well as from vegetative cells to heterocysts. Interestingly, communicating and noncommunicating vegetative cells and heterocysts could be distinguished, showing conservation in the endobiont of a mechanism regulating the septal junctions. PG sacculi were also isolated and showed septal disks with arrays of nanopores that conform to those visualized in other heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. However, a wider range of septal disk size was observed in N. azollae. In spite of its eroded genome, N. azollae maintains the intercellular communication system that is key for its growth as a multicellular organism. Additionally, labeling with the fluorescent sucrose analog esculin suggests sucrose as a source of reduced carbon for the endobiont.IMPORTANCEThe water fern Azolla constitutes a unique symbiotic system in which cyanobacterial endobionts capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen provide the plant with the nitrogen needed for growth. This symbiosis is an important fertilizer for rice crops worldwide, thereby reducing the reliance on fossil fuel-derived nitrogen fertilizers. The symbiotic cyanobacterium, Nostoc azollae, is a heterocyst-forming strain in which a filament of cells is the organismic unit of growth. Here, we show that the intercellular molecular exchange function necessary for the multicellular behavior of the organism is conserved in the endobiotic N. azollae.},
}

@article {pmid40823765,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, Y and Zhu, X and Wang, T and Zhang, L and Qi, Y and Hu, Z and Jiang, Z and Zhu, Y and Lu, Y and Yao, J and Xiong, H},
title = {Mitochondria-Targeted Ferroptosis Nanodrug for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy via Fatty Acid Metabolism Remodeling and Tumor Bacterial Symbiosis Inhibition.},
journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e06443},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202506443},
pmid = {40823765},
issn = {1613-6829},
support = {2018Z063//Post-doctoral support of Jiangsu Province/ ; },
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, due to its pronounced propensity for metastasis. This challenge is amplified by the critical role of mitochondria in metastasis, regulating processes like fatty acid metabolism that drive tumor cell migration. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that bacterial infiltration, particularly Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus), could further exacerbate TNBC metastasis. To address both metabolic dysregulation and bacterial involvement, a mitochondria-targeted ferroptosis-activated nanosystem is developed, named ICM, which is integrated the mitochondrial membrane (MM) for mitochondrial targeting, the FeCl3 for ferroptosis therapy, the photosensitizer indocyanine green, and cytochrome c (CytC) through self-assembly technology. During assembly, CytC interacted with cardiolipin on the MM, endowing ICM with peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities. Dual enzymatic activities, combined with phototherapy, enhance FeCl3-induced ferroptosis in tumor cell mitochondria, thereby reprogramming fatty acid metabolism and inhibiting metastasis. Additionally, the amplified ferroptosis effects also effectively inhibit S. xylosus, disrupting the tumor-bacteria symbiosis and further preventing metastatic spread. Finally, ICM nanoparticles significantly suppress TNBC metastasis by modulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting bacterial-mediated metastasis. These findings suggest that ICM offer a multifaceted therapeutic approach for combating TNBC metastasis, providing a potential strategy for cancer treatments.},
}

@article {pmid40822732,
year = {2025},
author = {Daud, M and Qiao, H and Xu, S and Hui, X and Adil, M and Lu, Y},
title = {Understanding abiotic stress in alfalfa: physiological and molecular perspectives on salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1627599},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2025.1627599},
pmid = {40822732},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a vital perennial legume forage, has been widely cultivated owing to a variety of favorable characteristics, including comprehensive ecological resilience, superior nutritive value, digestibility, and nitrogen fixation capacity. The productivity traits of alfalfa, particularly its biomass yield and forage quality, are profoundly influenced by a range of abiotic stress conditions. As a common abiotic stress, drought adversely impacts growth and photosynthetic efficiency, accompanied by increased oxidative damage and stomatal closure as a mechanism to minimize water loss; meanwhile, transgenic approaches have been employed to enhance drought resilience by improving antioxidant activity and water-use efficiency. Salinity stress disturbs ionic balance, resulting in sodium (Na[+]) toxicity and the generation of oxidative damage; however, alfalfa cultivars exhibit salinity tolerance through mechanisms such as Na[+] exclusion, K[+] retention, activation of antioxidant defenses, hormonal regulation, and the upregulation of stress-responsive genes. In addition, heavy metals pose a significant challenge to alfalfa production, as they impair plant development and disrupt symbiotic nitrogen fixation, but recent studies have highlighted the potential of microbial-assisted phytoremediation in mitigating these detrimental effects. By integrating recent findings, this review highlights the intricate physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in alfalfa's responses to key abiotic stressors specifically drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. Breakthroughs in genetic modification, notably the development of transgenic lines exhibiting altered expression of stress-responsive genes, offer valuable potential for improving stress resilience. Future research should employ omics approaches, advanced gene-editing and de novo gene synthesis to target key regulatory elements responsible for stress adaptation.},
}

@article {pmid40822399,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, C and Song, Y and Meng, L and Cheng, Y and Dai, H and Qiao, Y and Xie, X},
title = {Transcriptomic insights into the molecular mechanism of abietic acid promoting growth and branching in Armillaria gallica.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1632512},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2025.1632512},
pmid = {40822399},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Armillaria gallica, a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, is essential for the symbiotic cultivation of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata. Abietic acid, a plant-derived secondary metabolite, modulates microbial growth and metabolism. This study investigates the effects of abietic acid on A. gallica growth and branching using phenotypic analysis and transcriptomic approaches to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms. The experiment compared an abietic acid treatment group (0.6 g/L) with a control group, assessing growth over several days via biomass measurements, rhizomorph counting, and RNA sequencing for transcriptomic profiling. Abietic acid significantly promoted A. gallica growth and branching, with the most pronounced effects on the third day: dry biomass weight increased by 302% and total rhizomorphs by 378.4% (p < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis showed upregulation of GH5, GH16, MFS, and NAD(P)-binding protein genes in the treatment group, optimizing carbon utilization, cell wall remodeling, and nutrient transport. These findings elucidate abietic acid's role in regulating A. gallica development and provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the symbiotic cultivation of G. elata and A. gallica.},
}

@article {pmid40822337,
year = {2025},
author = {Xin Yee Tan, K and Shigenobu, S},
title = {Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {28},
number = {8},
pages = {113178},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2025.113178},
pmid = {40822337},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {The obligate symbiosis between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Buchnera aphidicola represents metabolic interdependence between the host insect and its bacterial symbiont. Buchnera has a highly reduced genome that has lost nearly all phospholipid synthesis genes except cls, encoding a cardiolipin synthase homologue. We employed in vivo antisense, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated synthetic peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to knock down cls in Buchnera. This intervention resulted in significant downregulation of cls expression, lowered Buchnera titers, pronounced morphological distortions, and reduced aphid reproduction. Notably, Buchnera cells were often detected in the aphid gut following anti-cls PNAs treatment, deviating from their typical intracellular niche within bacteriocytes. Collectively, the cls gene is critical for maintaining Buchnera integrity, proper cellular localization, and symbiont-host interactions. Given that the retention of cls is a common feature among many obligate endosymbionts despite massive gene loss, our findings offer key insights into the evolutionary principles shaping symbiotic relationships involving membrane biology.},
}

@article {pmid40819100,
year = {2025},
author = {Shin, MS and Yang, I and Wang, W and Kim, H},
title = {Diversity and composition of sponge-associated microbiomes from Korean sponges revealed by full-length 16S rRNA analysis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {30021},
pmid = {40819100},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {NRF-2021R1F1A1063787//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; RS-2022-NR071935//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; RS-2023-NR076615//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; RS-2022-NR072431//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; },
abstract = {Marine sponges host diverse and specialized microbial communities that serve essential functions in nutrient cycling, ecosystem stability, and biotechnological applications. This study investigates the diversity and composition of sponge-associated microbiomes from eight sponge species collected in Chuksan Harbor, South Korea, using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-based methods. Our results demonstrate that each sponge species harbors distinct and highly structured microbial communities. Proteobacteria, and especially Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, were generally dominant; however, unique dominance patterns, such as the near-exclusive presence of an uncharacterized Gammaproteobacterial lineage in Cliona celata, suggest strong host-symbiont specificity and possible coevolution. Notably, no ASVs were shared between seawater and sponge samples, confirming that sponge hosts select and maintain unique sets of microbial partners. In several Halichondria species, we detected the presence of Entotheonella, a symbiont with high biosynthetic gene cluster diversity that may contribute to host chemical defense and metabolic versatility. Depth-driven differences in microbial community composition were exemplified by Geodia reniformis, whose microbiome was dominated by deep-sea adapted and metabolically versatile lineages such as SAR202, PAUC34f, and Dadabacteriales. This study establishes a new baseline for understanding sponge-microbe partnerships in Korean marine environments. Our integrative, high-resolution approach not only uncovers remarkable taxonomic and functional diversity, but also provides a valuable genetic resource for future marine natural-product discovery and advances ecological restoration efforts.},
}

@article {pmid40818932,
year = {2025},
author = {Ansari, BK and Shukla, AK and Sinam, G and Upreti, DK},
title = {Active transplantation study of nickel uptake by Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl.: prospection for atmospheric nickel biomonitoring.},
journal = {Environmental technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/09593330.2025.2545633},
pmid = {40818932},
issn = {1479-487X},
abstract = {The prevalence of nickel pollution is anticipated to rise due to the advent of novel low-carbon technologies and electric vehicles. Biomonitoring, which is increasingly overlooked in favour of technology-driven methods, remains a cost-effective approach and enables the monitoring of extensive spatial areas. In the present study, Pyxine cocoes (P. cocoes), a symbiotic lichen, was examined for the first time for its capacity to uptake sprayed nickel (Ni) in vivo and the subsequent effects on its physicochemical parameters. Transplanted P. cocoes was treated with different concentrations of Ni solutions (5 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM, 150 µM, 200 µM). The lichen, P. cocoes, had the capacity to accumulate Ni linearly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of Ni on photosynthetic parameters, cell membrane integrity, antioxidants and protein content was quantified corresponding to concentrations and durations of treatment. At a low dose (5 µM), a beneficial effect was observed on chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and protein content in P. cocoes. At higher doses of Ni (150 µM, 200 µM), it exhibited an inhibitory effect as observed by reduced photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant activity. Cell membrane integrity (CMI) deteriorated in response to increasing Ni exposure, as indicated by increased electrolyte conductivity. Using the linear regression coefficient, it was determined that at lower Ni concentrations, the adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order (chemisorption) and, at higher concentrations, it followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (physisorption). This active (transplant) monitoring method is a novel endeavour in monitoring Ni stress and utilising the physicochemical parameters as a bioindicator for Ni pollution.},
}

@article {pmid40816675,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Song, Y and Qiu, Y and Liu, G and Feng, Y},
title = {Simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal and energy recovery from wastewater in a zero-energy microbial electrochemical system with algal-bacterial biocathode.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {122607},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.122607},
pmid = {40816675},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Addressing the challenge of high energy consumption in conventional wastewater treatment, this study develops a zero-energy microbial electrochemical system (MES) featuring an algal-bacterial symbiotic biocathode. Under simulated day-night cycles, this configuration achieves simultaneous and efficient removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pollutants while recovering electrical energy. During the illuminated phase, algal photosynthesis generates oxygen to sustain a stable voltage output (∼600 mV) without external aeration. In the dark phase, the system promotes denitrification, thereby enabling effective nitrogen removal. A petal-like NiO-modified carbon felt biocathode was fabricated, significantly enhancing the cathode's specific surface area and active sites, thereby effectively promoting the formation of a microbial-algal composite biofilm and cathodic reduction reaction. This innovative design and operational strategy enable zero-energy wastewater treatment coupled with resource recovery, offering a promising pathway toward energy self-sufficiency and carbon neutrality in practical wastewater treatment applications.},
}

@article {pmid40815476,
year = {2025},
author = {Papaleo, S and Panelli, S and Bitar, I and Sterzi, L and Nodari, R and Comandatore, F},
title = {Nucleotide composition shapes gene expression in Wolbachia pipientis: a role for MidA methyltransferase?.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0077925},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00779-25},
pmid = {40815476},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, associated with several arthropods and filarial nematodes. Wolbachia establishes a variety of symbiotic relationships with its hosts, with consequent genomic rearrangements, variation in gene content, and loss of regulatory regions. Despite this, experimental studies show that Wolbachia gene expression is coordinated with host developmental stages, but the mechanism is still unknown. In this work, we analyzed published RNA-seq data of four Wolbachia strains, finding a correlation between gene nucleotide composition and gene expression. The strength and direction of this phenomenon changed with the expression of the S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent methyltransferase midA. Specifically, when midA is overexpressed, there is a negative relationship between gene adenine content and gene expression, while downregulation of midA reverses this trend. MidA is known to methylate protein arginine, with potential effect on protein affinity for substrates, including nucleic acids. To expand our understanding of this poorly characterized enzyme, we investigated its ability to methylate DNA expressing it in Escherichia coli. The experiment revealed that the Wolbachia MidA can methylate both adenine and cytosine. Lastly, we found upstream the midA gene, a conserved binding site for the Ccka/CtrA signaling transduction system, and we hypothesize that this mechanism could be involved in the communication between the host and the bacterium. Overall, these findings suggest a cascade mechanism in which the host activates the bacterium Ccka/CtrA signaling system, thus inducing the expression of the midA gene, with subsequent effect on the expression of several Wolbachia genes on the basis of their nucleotide composition.

IMPORTANCE: Wolbachia pipientis is one of the most common intracellular bacteria in insects, and it is currently utilized as a tool for the control of vector-borne diseases. As for many other endosymbiont bacteria, Wolbachia experienced important genome rearrangements, gene content changes, and the loss of several regulatory sequences, affecting the integrity of operons and promoters. Nevertheless, experimental studies have shown that Wolbachia gene expression is coordinated with the host physiology (e.g., developmental stages), although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, based on in silico analyses and an experimental study on wOo methyltransferase, we propose that bacterial DNA methylation could be a key mechanism regulating Wolbachia gene expression. Additionally, we found evidence suggesting that the DNA methylation process in Wolbachia can be activated by the host.},
}

@article {pmid40815469,
year = {2025},
author = {Dai, M and Zhao, F and Shi, X and Tian, C and Lin, Y and Bai, L and Li, T and Jin, X and Xiao, L and Kristiansen, K and Li, X and Zhang, Z},
title = {Cultivation and sequencing of microbiota members unveil the functional potential of yak gut microbiota.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0036725},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00367-25},
pmid = {40815469},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {The animal gut microbiota exhibits extensive taxonomic diversity, yet cultivated isolates and complete genomes from animal hosts remain scarce, hindering functional and ecological insights. We present a cultivated Yak (Bos grunniens) Fecal bacteria genome Reference (YFR), comprising 548 high-quality genomes based on aerobic and anaerobic cultivation. Notably, 216 strains represented novel taxa, classified into 29 species-level clusters spanning 4 phyla and 14 genera. The YFR increased the proportion of cultured ruminant gut bacterial species by 19.39%, significantly expanding the reference database for this ecosystem. Among these, 11 species harbor abundant CAZymes Gene Clusters (CGCs), indicating a high capacity for digesting complex polysaccharides. Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) are predicted and demonstrated to possess distinct novelty in YFR genomes, demonstrating a potential for future applications. We demonstrated that the symbiotic relationship between host bacterial strains and bacteriophages can be effectively studied using cultured strains by enabling precise mapping of viral genes to host metabolic adaptations. Culturing animal gut bacterial species not only expands the resources of culturable strains but also provides a basis for subsequent functional mining.IMPORTANCEAs a representative species in high-altitude extreme environments, yaks rely on their gut microbiota to support critical physiological functions and adapt to harsh conditions. This study established a comprehensive pipeline by integrating innovative single-bacterium culture conditions with optimized strategies for the yak gut microbiota. The resulting genomic repository not only expands the culturable microbial resources for extremophile mammals but also reveals unique metabolic traits, including polysaccharide-digesting CAZyme clusters, novel BGCs, and phage-host interactions. This approach provides essential microbial resources for advancing our understanding of host-microbial adaptations to extreme environments and offers tangible tools for industrial enzyme discovery and synthetic biology applications.},
}

@article {pmid40814858,
year = {2025},
author = {DelPercio, R and McGregor, M and Morley, S and Nikaeen, N and Meyers, B and Baldrich, P},
title = {Transcriptional Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixation and Senescence in Soybean Nodules: A Dual Perspective on Host and Bradyrhizobium Regulation.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-04-25-0037-R},
pmid = {40814858},
issn = {0894-0282},
abstract = {The Soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis enables symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) within root nodules, reducing reliance on synthetic N-fertilizers. However, nitrogen fixation is transient, peaking several weeks after Bradyrhizobium colonization and declining as nodules senesce in coordination with host development. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing SNF and senescence, we conducted a temporal transcriptomic analysis of soybean nodules colonized with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. Weekly nodule samples (2-10 weeks post-inoculation, wpi) were analyzed using RNA and small RNA sequencing, while acetylene reduction assays assessed nitrogenase activity from 4 to 7 wpi. We identified three major nodule developmental phases: early development (2-3 wpi), nitrogen fixation (3-8 wpi), and senescence (8-10 wpi). Soybean showed extensive transcriptional reprogramming during senescence, whereas Bradyrhizobium underwent major transcriptional shifts early in development before stabilizing during nitrogen fixation. We identified seven soybean genes and several microRNAs as candidate biomarkers of nitrogen fixation, including lipoxygenases (Lox), suggesting roles for oxylipin metabolism. Soy hemoglobin-2 (Hb2), previously classified as non-symbiotic, was upregulated during senescence, implicating oxidative stress responses within aging nodules. Upregulation of the Bradyrhizobium paa operon and rpoH during senescence suggested metabolic adaptation for survival beyond symbiosis. Additionally, Bradyrhizobium NIF gene expression showed stage-specific regulation, with nifK peaking at 2 wpi, nifD and nifA at 2 and 10 wpi, and nifH, nifW, and nifS at 10 wpi. These findings provide insights into SNF regulation and nodule aging, revealing temporal gene expression patterns that could inform breeding or genetic engineering strategies to enhance nitrogen fixation in soybeans and other legume crops.},
}

@article {pmid40812734,
year = {2025},
author = {Pu, D and Jin, Y and Wang, L and Wang, R and Li, L and Song, Y and Han, X},
title = {Combined supplementation of short-chain fatty acids reduces hyperphosphorylation of Tau at T181,T231 and S396 sites and improves cognitive impairment in a chemically induced AD mouse model via regulation of HDAC and Keap1.},
journal = {Neurochemistry international},
volume = {189},
number = {},
pages = {106034},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106034},
pmid = {40812734},
issn = {1872-9754},
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the pathological hallmarks of β-amyloid deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, with memory loss and cognitive dysfunction as its primary clinical manifestations. The incidence of AD has been progressively increasing in recent years. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key effector molecules in host-gut microbial interactions, play a crucial role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. In this study, AD mouse model was established via AlCl3/D-gal induction. The effects of mixed SCFA intervention on spatial learning and memory in AD model mice were assessed using behavioral tests, including the Morris Water Maze. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activities of oxidative stress-related enzymes in brain and colon tissues were quantified using ELISA and commercial kits. Key protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results demonstrated that SCFAs significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction in AD model, reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation at T181, T231 and S396 sites, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, but with no reversal in elevated Aβ levels in AD model. Mechanistically, SCFAs inhibited glial cell activation, upregulated MCT-1 and tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier and strengthened gut-brain barrier integrity, potentially regulating small molecule trans-barrier transport. Furthermore, examination of relevant protein expressions revealed that SCFAs activated HDAC1 and inhibited overexpressed HDAC3 and Keap-1 in AD mice model. These findings suggest that SCFAs may regulate epigenetic modifications in the brain of AD to exert neuroprotective effects. This study provides novel evidence supporting the potential of symbiotic microbe-derived SCFAs in alleviating AD.},
}

@article {pmid40812177,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Tan, X and Wang, E},
title = {Networks of the symbiosis-immunity continuum in plants.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {33},
number = {8},
pages = {1256-1275},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2025.06.009},
pmid = {40812177},
issn = {1934-6069},
abstract = {Plants continuously interact with diverse microbes. Forming essential symbiotic relationships promotes plant growth, while defending against harmful microbes prevents disease. Plants resist pathogens by detecting molecules released from microbes. Beneficial microbes distinguish themselves from harmful pathogens before establishing symbiosis by releasing molecules and suppressing plant defenses during the infection and colonization stages. Despite their distinct outcomes, symbiotic and immune responses lie on a continuum and share key features, including dynamic cellular remodeling, metabolite rearrangement, and the maintenance of defenses against pathogens. This review explores the regulatory networks governing these processes, highlighting the shared and unique molecular mechanisms underlying symbiotic and immune responses. Understanding how plants integrate environmental signals to balance symbiotic compatibility and defense will provide valuable insights into optimizing plant health and productivity in changing ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid40812045,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Y and Zhang, C and Deng, Y and Lei, L and Hu, T},
title = {Oral microecological community- Streptococcus mutans dysbiosis and interaction provide therapeutic perspectives for dental caries.},
journal = {Archives of oral biology},
volume = {178},
number = {},
pages = {106367},
doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106367},
pmid = {40812045},
issn = {1879-1506},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review aims to provide an overview of the dysbiosis and interaction between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other Streptococci, Veillonella spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Candida albicans in the oral cavity, which is a major driver of cariogenicity.

DESIGN: The search for this narrative review was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, employing keywords like "Dental caries," "Streptococcus mutans," "Commensal Streptococci," "Veillonella," "Lactobacillus," "Candida albicans," and "Interaction" while manually retrieving the reference lists of journal articles.

RESULTS: Dental caries has a high prevalence and low treatment rate in the population, which poses a great burden to public health and the social economy. The etiology of dental caries is closely linked to the imbalance of oral microbial communities. S. mutans is the major pathogen of dental caries. The cariogenic mechanism of S. mutans is primarily related to acid production and acid resistance, as well as polysaccharide production, adhesion, colonization, and the formation of cariogenic biofilm. However, there are complex interactions between S. mutans and other symbiotic microorganisms in the oral cavity, which synergistically or antagonistically affect the pathogenicity of microorganisms.

CONCLUSION: The interactions between S. mutans and oral commensal microorganisms on the microecology provide an in-depth understanding of the etiology of cariogenicity and new pathways for multiple caries prevention and treatment, such as hydrogen peroxide, arginine, farnesol, and probiotics.},
}

@article {pmid40811611,
year = {2025},
author = {Araújo, NH and Landry, D and Quilbé, J and Pervent, M and Nouwen, N and Klopp, C and Cullimore, J and Gully, D and Vicedo, C and Gasciolli, V and Brottier, L and Pichereaux, C and Racoupeau, M and Rios, M and Gressent, F and Chaintreuil, C and Gough, C and Giraud, E and Lefebvre, B and Arrighi, JF},
title = {The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase AeRLCK2 mediates Nod-independent rhizobial symbiosis in Aeschynomene legumes.},
journal = {The Plant cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/plcell/koaf201},
pmid = {40811611},
issn = {1532-298X},
abstract = {Many plants interact symbiotically with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance inorganic phosphorus uptake, and legumes also develop a nodule symbiosis with rhizobia for nitrogen acquisition. The establishment and functioning of both symbioses rely on a common plant signaling pathway activated by structurally related Myc and Nod factors. Recently, a SPARK receptor-like kinase (RLK)/receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) complex was shown to be essential for arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in both monocot and dicot plants. Here, we show that in Aeschynomene legumes, the RLCK component of this receptor complex has undergone a gene duplication event and mediates a unique nodule symbiosis that is independent of rhizobial Nod factors. In Aeschynomene evenia, AeRLCK2 is crucial for nodule initiation but not for arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Additionally, AeRLCK2 physically interacts with and is phosphorylated by the cysteine-rich RLK, AeCRK, which is also required for nodulation. This finding uncovers an important molecular mechanism that controls the establishment of nodulation and is associated with Nod-independent symbiosis.},
}

@article {pmid40811509,
year = {2025},
author = {Pen, IAM and Benedict, C and Broe, MB and Delgado, A and Glon, H and Zhang, M and Daly, M},
title = {Resolving Acuticulata (Metridioidea: Enthemonae: Actiniaria), a clade containing many invasive species of sea anemones.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {8},
pages = {e0328544},
pmid = {40811509},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Acuticulata is a globally distributed group in the actiniarian superfamily Metridioidea comprised of taxa with ecological, economic, and scientific significance. Prominent members such as Exaiptasia diaphana and Diadumene lineata serve as model organisms for studying coral symbiosis, bleaching phenomena, and ecological invasions. Despite their importance, unresolved phylogenetic relationships and outdated taxonomic frameworks hinder a full understanding of the diversity and evolution of the taxa in this clade. In this study, we employ a targeted sequence-capture approach to construct a robust phylogeny for Acuticulata, addressing long-standing questions about familial monophyly and comparing the results to results from a more conventional five-gene dataset. Specimens from previously underrepresented families and global regions, including the Falkland Islands, were included to elucidate evolutionary interrelationships and improve resolution. Our results support the monophyly of Aliciidae, Boloceroididae, Diadumenidae, Gonactiniidae, and Metridiidae. Our results reiterate the need for taxonomic revision within the family Sagartiidae, as the specimens we included from this family were recovered in four distinct clades. Based on our results, we transfer Paraiptasia from Aiptasiidae to Sagartiidae. These findings emphasize the utility of genome-scale data for resolving phylogenetic ambiguities for morphologically problematic taxa and suggest a framework for future integrative taxonomic and ecological studies within Acuticulata.},
}

@article {pmid40811445,
year = {2025},
author = {Gebre, KY and Demissie, AG and Tesema, AA and Belay, HZ and Akalye, MW and Friew, AB and Baye, FG and Felatie, HB and Yohannes, MA and Eshetu, MA and Shiferaw, WA},
title = {Isolation, biochemical characterization, and greenhouse authentication of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rhizobia collected from some major chickpea growing areas of Woldia, North Wollo, Ethiopia.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {8},
pages = {e0330169},
pmid = {40811445},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a vital legume crop worldwide, valued for its high nutritional content and significant contribution to food security and soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Despite its importance, chickpea yields remain suboptimal in many regions, including Ethiopia, primarily due to constraints such as poor soil fertility and inadequate use of effective rhizobia inoculants. This study aimed to isolate and characterize native Rhizobium strains from chickpea root nodules collected from fields in the Woldia region and to assess their potential to promote plant growth. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 12 were presumptively identified as Rhizobium based on growth characteristics on Congo red and bromothymol blue media. These isolates were further characterized morphologically and biochemically. Five biochemically promising isolates were selected for evaluation in a controlled 45-day greenhouse experiment under sterile conditions. Inoculation with these isolates significantly enhanced seed germination and early seedling growth compared to uninoculated controls. The symbiotic effectiveness of the isolates ranged from 74.3% to 121.9%, with isolates WUSFDG-23, WUSFMC-31, and WUSFMC-23 demonstrating high effectiveness, isolate WUSFDG-23 markedly increased nodulation and biomass accumulation. This study highlights the potential of native Rhizobium isolates from Woldia chickpea fields, especially WUSFDG-23, as effective bio-inoculants to promote sustainable chickpea production and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers.},
}

@article {pmid40811300,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, J and Nishida, Y and Okrasinska, A and Bonito, GM and Heath-Heckman, EAC and Liu, KJ},
title = {The Impact of Species Tree Estimation Error on Cophylogenetic Reconstruction.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {1265-1277},
doi = {10.1109/TCBBIO.2025.3553405},
pmid = {40811300},
issn = {2998-4165},
abstract = {Just as a phylogeny encodes the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms, a cophylogeny represents the coevolutionary relationships among symbiotic partners. Both are primarily reconstructed using computational analysis of biomolecular sequence data. The most widely used cophylogenetic reconstruction methods utilize an important simplifying assumption: species phylogenies for each set of coevolved taxa are required as input and assumed to be correct. Many studies have shown that this assumption is rarely - if ever - satisfied, and the consequences for cophylogenetic studies are poorly understood. To address this gap, we conduct a comprehensive performance study that quantifies the relationship between species tree estimation error and downstream cophylogenetic estimation accuracy. We study the performance of state-of-the-art methods for cophylogenetic reconstruction using in silico model-based simulations. Our investigation also assessed cophylogenetic reproducibility using genomic sequence data from two important models of symbiosis: soil-associated fungi and their endosymbiotic bacteria, and bobtail squid and their bioluminescent bacterial symbionts. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the major impact that upstream phylogenetic estimation error has on downstream cophylogenetic reconstruction. Relative to other experimental factors such as cophylogenetic estimation method choice and coevolutionary event costs, phylogenetic estimation error ranked highest in importance based on a random forest-based variable importance assessment. We conclude with practical guidance and future research directions. Among the many considerations needed for accurate cophylogenetic reconstruction - choice of computational method, method settings, sampling design, and others - just as much attention must be paid to careful species phylogeny estimation using modern best practices.},
}

@article {pmid40810521,
year = {2025},
author = {Kruasuwan, W and Arigul, T and Munnoch, JT and Nutaratat, P and Songvorawit, N},
title = {Gut-associated bacteria and their roles in wood digestion of saproxylic insects: The case study of flower chafer larvae.},
journal = {Insect molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imb.70010},
pmid = {40810521},
issn = {1365-2583},
support = {FF-2567A10512010//National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), Thaksin University (Research Project Grant) Fiscal Year 2024/ ; CUFRB65_bcg(20)_088_23_18//Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University/ ; R016841017//Mahidol University (Fundamental Fund: Fiscal Year 2025)/ ; B13F660073//Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research Innovation/ ; },
abstract = {Protaetia acuminata (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia and plays a significant role in nutrient cycling by facilitating the decomposition of woody materials, a process that likely relies heavily on the contribution of symbiotic bacteria within their digestive system. However, their gut bacteria have not been thoroughly studied. By using V3-V4 amplicon sequencing, it was revealed that the midgut (MG) of Pr. acuminata larvae and fermented sawdust after rearing (FSD) share a similar microbial community, predominantly composed of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, as well as functional genes associated with cellulolysis, nitrogen respiration, nitrate reduction and aerobic chemoheterotrophy. In contrast, the bacterial community in the hindgut (HG) was distinctly different, with anaerobic respiration being the dominant metabolic process. Agromyces, Altererythrobacter, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Lysinibacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas and the family Promicromonosporaceae were the most common genera in MG, HG and FSD samples. The culture-based isolation method yielded 67 isolates from the larvae, with gram-positive bacteria predominating in HG and MG, whereas gram-negative bacteria were primarily found in the FSD. These microorganisms produce a range of lignocellulolytic enzymes including β-endoglucanase, laccase and xylanase that enable the beetles to digest their plant-based diet efficiently and also involve many biochemical pathways relating to biogeochemical cycling. Our results provide valuable insights into the gut-associated Pr. acuminata flower chafer larvae and could serve as a basis and reservoir for future studies on lignocellulolytic enzyme-producing bacteria.},
}

@article {pmid40810464,
year = {2025},
author = {González-López, AM and Quiñones-Aguilar, EE and Guizar-González, C and Rincón-Enríquez, G},
title = {Annonacin accumulation in leaves of Annona muricata L. induced by mycorrhizal colonization.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnaf085},
pmid = {40810464},
issn = {1574-6968},
abstract = {Annona muricata L. is a tropical tree known for its secondary metabolites, particularly acetogenins, which have cytotoxic and antitumor properties. Research has shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and drought stress can increase the production of terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds in plants. Our objective was to assess whether AMF symbiosis (both species and consortia) and two irrigation regimens enhanced foliar annonacin concentration, the primary acetogenin in A. muricata leaves. Two irrigation levels were used: normal irrigation (NI) and low irrigation (LI). Trees were inoculated with two AMF consortia: Cerro del Metate (CM) and Agua Duce (AD); and two AMF species: Rhizophagus intraradices (RI) and Funneliformis mosseae (FM). Results showed that annonacin concentration was 83% lower in leaves under LI compared to NI. However, AMF symbiosis increased annonacin concentration, especially under LI conditions. Dry leaf weight was higher in mycorrhizal plants under the LI level than in controls. No growth promotion due to AMF symbiosis was observed under NI. In conclusion, AMF symbiosis promotes foliar annonacin concentration in A. muricata leaves in the two irrigation levels. FM treatment promotes higher annonacin concentration in the NI condition while AD, CM, and FM treatments promotes annonacin concentration in the LI condition.},
}

@article {pmid40810459,
year = {2025},
author = {Boo, KH and Oh, YK and Møller, C and Lee, D and Jeon, GL and Kim, D and Burow, M and Großkinsky, DK and Kim, J and Ryu, MY and Lee, B and Suh, J and Ha, CM and Roitsch, T and Lim, PO and Berger, F and Suh, JW and Kim, SI and Oh, TR and Cho, SK and Kim, W and Kim, S and Riu, KZ and Yang, SW},
title = {Dasineura asteriae Reprograms the Flower Gene Expressions of Vegetative Organs to Create Flower-Like Gall in Aster scaber.},
journal = {Plant, cell & environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.70127},
pmid = {40810459},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (No. 2017R1A2B4010255) and by Samsung Science and Technology Foundation Project SSTF-BA1801-09 to S.W.Y. and was also supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the NRF funded by the Korean Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A1A03012862) and (2017R1D1A1B03034952) to K.Z.R and S.K., respectively. The "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01319101)" funded by the Korean Rural Development Administration and a grant (715003-07) from the Research Center for Production Management and Technical Development for High Quality Livestock Products through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs to K.Z.R. Lastly, this study was supported by the National Sustainability Program I (NPU w, grant number LO1415) funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic to T.R. F.B. was supported by core funding from GMI./ ; },
abstract = {Plant galls are abnormal growing tissues induced by various parasitic organisms, exhibiting diverse and complex morphologies. Typically, these galls differ significantly in appearance from their host plants. Here, we report that larvae of a parasitic fly generate unique, rosette galls on Aster scaber, a perennial herb. These galls develop from vegetative organs after the larvae reprogram floral gene expression. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Our findings reveal that the larvae induce host organ dedifferentiation into an amorphous callus, activate floral genes, and selectively suppress genes associated with carpel development. As a result, the pseudoflowers consist solely of tepal-like leaflets and a specialized chamber, and the larvae influence pigment biosynthesis. Hijacking plants developmental gene networks by insects to sequentially mediate dedifferentiation, cytokinin regulation, and tepal-like leaflets formation provides a framework to study highly elaborate forms of parasitism and symbiosis between plants and insects.},
}

@article {pmid40809550,
year = {2025},
author = {Gallardo Salamanca, MLÁ and Asorey, C and Macpherson, E},
title = {A new species of Galathea (Decapoda, Galatheidae) from the seamounts of the Easter Island area (Southeast Pacific Ocean Ridge) associated with a sea urchin.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1248},
number = {},
pages = {111-123},
pmid = {40809550},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Galatheatukitukimea sp. nov. is described from the seamounts near Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and represents the first record of the genus for this region of the Pacific Ocean and for Chilean territory. The new species belongs to the group of species having the carapace with median protogastric and cardiac spines. G.tukitukimea has always been observed associated with the sea urchin Stereocidarisnascaensis. This potential mimicry-based association is uncommon in squat lobsters, which warrants further study.},
}

@article {pmid40809039,
year = {2025},
author = {Strzelecki, P and Nowicki, D},
title = {Tools to study microbial iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: current techniques and methodological gaps.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1628725},
pmid = {40809039},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Iron is a vital nutrient for both microbial pathogens and their eukaryotic hosts, playing essential roles in stress adaptation, symbiotic interactions, virulence expression, and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses current laboratory methods for iron detection and quantification in microbial cultures, host-pathogen models, and environmental samples. Microbial pathogens have evolved sophisticated specialized transport systems, iron acquisition strategies to overcome its limitation, including siderophore production, uptake of heme and host iron-binding. These iron-scavenging systems are closely linked to the regulation of virulence traits such as adhesion, motility, toxin secretion, and biofilm formation. In ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli), iron limitation enhances biofilm development, which protects bacteria from antibiotics and immune responses and promotes persistent infections. Even worse, pathogens can also manipulate host iron metabolism, exacerbating inflammation and disease progression. Although iron is indispensable for microbial growth, excessive intracellular iron promotes reactive oxygen species generation, causing oxidative damage and ferroptosis-like cell death. Understanding the dual role of iron as both a nutrient and a toxic agent highlights its importance in infection dynamics. We provide a critical overview of existing analytical techniques and emphasize the need for careful selection of methods to improve our understanding of microbial iron metabolism, host-pathogen interactions, and to support the development of new therapeutic and environmental monitoring strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40808256,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, A and Gao, JP and Murray, JD},
title = {How Plants Discriminate Mutualistic Symbiosis from Immunity.},
journal = {Molecular plant},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2025.08.005},
pmid = {40808256},
issn = {1752-9867},
}

@article {pmid40808187,
year = {2025},
author = {Asan, G and Arslan, O},
title = {Multifunctional, Biocompatible Hybrid Surface Coatings Combining Antibacterial, Hydrophobic and Fluorescent Applications.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40808187},
issn = {2073-4360},
abstract = {The hybrid inorganic-organic material concept plays a bold role in multifunctional materials, combining different features on one platform. Once varying properties coexist without cancelling each other on one matrix, a new type of supermaterial can be formed. This concept showed that silver nanoparticles can be embedded together with inorganic and organic surface coatings and silicon quantum dots for symbiotic antibacterial character and UV-excited visible light fluorescent features. Additionally, fluorosilane material can be coupled with this prepolymeric structure to add the hydrophobic feature, showing water contact angles around 120°, providing self-cleaning features. Optical properties of the components and the final material were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and PL analysis. Atomic investigations and structural variations were detected by XPS, SEM, and EDX atomic mapping methods, correcting the atomic entities inside the coating. FT-IR tracked surface features, and statistical analysis of the quantum dots and nanoparticles was conducted. Multifunctional final materials showed antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus, exhibiting self-cleaning features with high surface contact angles and visible light fluorescence due to the silicon quantum dot incorporation into the sol-gel-produced nanocomposite hybrid structure.},
}

@article {pmid40807545,
year = {2025},
author = {Guzińska, N and Castillo, MDD and Kordialik-Bogacka, E},
title = {Fermentation to Increase the Value of Roasted Coffee Silverskin as a Functional Food Ingredient.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40807545},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {PID2019-11510RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; },
abstract = {Roasted coffee silverskin (RCSS) is a by-product of coffee production characterized by its content of phenolic compounds, both free and bound to macromolecules. In this study, RCSS was fermented to release these compounds and consequently increase its value as a functional food ingredient. Fermentation was carried out using yeast, acetic acid bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria, either as single strains or as a designed microbial consortium. The latter included Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Gluconobacter oxydans, and Levilactobacillus brevis, mimicking a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast commonly used in kombucha fermentation (SCOBY). This symbiotic microbial culture consortium demonstrated notable efficacy, significantly enhancing the total phenolic content in RCSS, with values reaching 14.15 mg GAE/g as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and 7.12 mg GAE/g according to the Fast Blue BB method. Antioxidant capacity improved by approximately 28% (ABTS) and 20% (DPPH). Moreover, the fermented RCSS supported the viability of probiotic strains (Saccharomyces boulardii SB01 and Levilactobacillus brevis ŁOCK 1152) under simulated intestinal conditions. These results suggest that RCSS, particularly after fermentation with a full symbiotic microbial culture consortium, has strong potential as a clean label, zero-waste functional food ingredient.},
}

@article {pmid40807366,
year = {2025},
author = {Ziemlewska, A and Zagórska-Dziok, M and Nowak, A and Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, A and Wójciak, M and Sowa, I and Szczepanek, D and Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Z},
title = {Enhancing the Cosmetic Potential of Aloe Vera Gel by Kombucha-Mediated Fermentation: Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Moisturizing Properties.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {30},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40807366},
issn = {1420-3049},
abstract = {Aloe vera gel is a valuable raw material used in the cosmetic industry for its skin care properties. The present study analyzed the effects of the fermentation of aloe vera gel with a tea fungus kombucha, which is a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast, carried out for 10 and 20 days (samples F10 and F20, respectively). The resulting ferments and unfermented gel were subjected to chromatographic analysis to determine the content of biologically active compounds. The permeability and accumulation of these compounds in pig skin were evaluated. In addition, the methods of DPPH, ABTS and the determination of intracellular free radical levels in keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF) cell lines were used to determine antioxidant potential. The results showed a higher content of phenolic acids and flavonoids and better antioxidant properties of the ferments, especially after 20 days of fermentation. Cytotoxicity tests against HaCaT and HDF cells confirmed the absence of toxic effects; moreover, samples at the concentrations tested (mainly 10 and 25 mg/mL) showed cytoprotective effects. The analysis of enzymatic activity (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase) by the ELISA technique showed higher levels of inhibition for F10 and F20. The kombucha ferments also exhibited better moisturizing properties and lower levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), confirming their cosmetic potential.},
}

@article {pmid40806669,
year = {2025},
author = {Colby, L and Preskitt, C and Ho, JS and Balsara, K and Wu, D},
title = {Brain Metastasis: A Literary Review of the Possible Relationship Between Hypoxia and Angiogenesis in the Growth of Metastatic Brain Tumors.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806669},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Brain metastases are a common and deadly complication of many primary tumors. The progression of these tumors is poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. Two important components of tumor growth are hypoxia and angiogenesis. We conducted a review to look at the possibility of a symbiotic relationship between two transcription factors, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and the role they play in metastasis to the brain. We delve further into this possible relationship by examining commonly used chemotherapeutic agents and their targets. Through an extensive literature review, we identified articles that provided evidence of a strong connection between these transcription factors and the growth of brain metastases, many highlighting a symbiotic relationship. Further supporting this, combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs with varying targets have increased the efficacy of treatment. Angiogenesis and hypoxia have long been known to play a large role in the invasion, growth, and poor outcomes of tumors. However, it is not fully understood how these factors influence one another during metastases. While prior studies have investigated the effects separately, we specifically delve into the synergistic and compounding effects that may exist between them. Our findings underscore the need for greater research allocation to investigate the possible symbiotic relationship between angiogenesis and hypoxia in brain metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid40806290,
year = {2025},
author = {Sonkodi, B},
title = {It Is Time to Consider the Lost Battle of Microdamaged Piezo2 in the Context of E. coli and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806290},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {The recent identification of early-onset mutational signatures with geographic variations by Diaz-Gay et al. is a significant finding, since early-onset colorectal cancer has emerged as an alarming public health challenge in the past two decades, and the pathomechanism remains unclear. Environmental risk factors, including lifestyle and diet, are highly suspected. The identification of colibactin from Escherichia coli as a potential pathogenic source is a major step forward in addressing this public health challenge. Therefore, the following opinion manuscript aims to outline the likely onset of the pathomechanism and the critical role of acquired Piezo2 channelopathy in early-onset colorectal cancer, which skews proton availability and proton motive force regulation toward E. coli within the microbiota-host symbiotic relationship. In addition, the colibactin produced by the pks island of E. coli induces host DNA damage, which likely interacts at the level of Wnt signaling with Piezo2 channelopathy-induced pathological remodeling. This transcriptional dysregulation eventually leads to tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Mechanotransduction converts external physical cues to inner chemical and biological ones. Correspondingly, the proposed quantum mechanical free-energy-stimulated ultrafast proton-coupled tunneling, initiated by Piezo2, seems to be the principal and essential underlying novel oscillatory signaling that could be lost in colorectal cancer onset. Hence, Piezo2 channelopathy not only contributes to cancer initiation and impaired circadian regulation, including the proposed hippocampal ultradian clock, but also to proliferation and metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid40806090,
year = {2025},
author = {Shremo Msdi, A and Wang, EM and Garey, KW},
title = {Prebiotics Improve Blood Pressure Control by Modulating Gut Microbiome Composition and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40806090},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {Background: Ingestion of dietary fibers (DFs) is a safe and accessible intervention associated with reductions in blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of DFs remain poorly defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates how DFs influence BP regulation by modulating gut microbial composition and enhancing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for interventional studies published between January 2014 and December 2024. Eligible studies assessed the effects of DFs or other prebiotics on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in addition to changes in gut microbial or SCFA composition. Results: Of the 3010 records screened, nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria (seven human, twelve animal). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on six human trials reporting post-intervention BP values. Prebiotics were the primary intervention. In hypertensive cohorts, prebiotics significantly reduced SBP (-8.5 mmHg; 95% CI: -13.9, -3.1) and DBP (-5.2 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.5, -2.0). A pooled analysis of hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients showed non-significant reductions in SBP (-4.5 mmHg; 95% CI: -9.3, 0.3) and DBP (-2.5 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.4, 0.4). Animal studies consistently showed BP-lowering effects across diverse etiologies. Prebiotic interventions restored bacterial genera known to metabolize DFs to SCFAs (e.g., Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, and Coprococcus) and increased SCFA levels. Mechanistically, SCFAs act along gut-organ axes to modulate immune, vascular, and neurohormonal pathways involved in BP regulation. Conclusions: Prebiotic supplementation is a promising strategy to reestablish BP homeostasis in hypertensive patients. Benefits are likely mediated through modulation of the gut microbiota and enhanced SCFA production.},
}